2. Đinh Trần Xuân Trường
Nguyễn Ngọc Tú Quỳnh
Trần Thanh Tuấn
Trần Triển
Ngô Trung
Huỳnh Trọng Ân
Huỳnh An Khang
Đỗ Nhật Minh Trực
Nguyễn Hoàng Phi Yến
Members
3. 1. Anatomy and Physiology
2. Pathophysiology
3. Signs and Symptoms
4. Pharmacology
5. Investigation
6. Management
7. Discussion
Layout
12. Streptococcus
infection Strep bacterium present M
protein (virulence factor) on
cell surface.
Immune response to
strep antigens
Buildup of fibrotic
connective tissue in valves.
Fibrous thickening/calcification
of valves leaflets fusion of
commissures
Aortic
Stenosis
Inflammatory
response
13. In infants and children:
• Become easily tired
with exertion (in mild
cases)
• Serious breathing
problems that develop
within days or weeks of
birth (in severe cases)
Symptoms
23. Dichloroisoprenaline - first beta blocker Propranolol - first beta blocker
There are three types of beta receptors :
Β1 receptors are located in the heart, eye, and kidneys.
β2 receptors are found in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, uterus, blood vessels,
and skeletal muscle.
Β3 receptors are located in fat cells.
Pharmacology
Beta – Adrenergic Receptor Blockers
34. Figure 2.Transesophageal echocardiograms of severe aortic stenosis.
(A) The axial view shows diffusely thickened leaflets with a restricted opening motion.
(B) The horizontal four-chamber view shows the resultant severe left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement.
Pharmacology
Echocardiogram
35. Pharmacology
Other tests for aortic valve stenosis
ECG
Chest X-ray
Cardiac catheterization
Exercise tests
Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
37. Severity of aortic valve
stenosis
How often you should
have an echocardiogram
MILD Every 3 to 5 years
MODERATE Every 1 to 2 years
SEVERE Every 6 to 12 months
Management