3. ‫ك‬َ ‫ن‬ّ ‫إ‬ِ ‫نا‬َ ‫ت‬َ ‫م‬ْ ‫ل‬ّ ‫ع‬َ ‫ما‬َ ‫ل‬ّ ‫إ‬ِ ‫نا‬َ ‫ل‬َ ‫م‬َ ‫ل‬ْ ‫ع‬ِ ‫ل‬َ ‫ك‬َ ‫ن‬َ ‫حا‬َ ‫ب‬ْ ‫س‬ُ ‫ا‬ْ ‫لو‬ُ ‫قا‬َ
‫م‬ُ ‫لي‬ِ ‫ع‬َ ‫ل‬ْ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬َ ‫أن‬َ
‫م‬ُ ‫كي‬ِ ‫ح‬َ ‫ل‬ْ ‫ا‬

‫سورة‬‫البقرة‬‫)الةية‬32)

4. Preparation and Properties OfPreparation and Properties Of
Microcrystalline Cellulose FromMicrocrystalline Cellulose From
Local Raw MaterialsLocal Raw Materials
Thesis Submitted
By
Mona Tawfik Kamar Alshemy

5. SupervisorsSupervisors
Assist. Prof. Abeer Mohamed
Adel
Assistant professor of Cellulose and Paper
National Research Center
Prof. Dr. Zienab Helmy
Abd-Elwahab
Professor of inorganic Chemistry
Alazher University (Girls Branch)
Prof. Dr. Atef
AbdAlaziz Ibrahim
Professor of Cellulose and Paper
National Research Center

6. Aim of the workAim of the work

7. The main objective of this work is :
 An attempt to overcome some environmental pollutions
resulted from the industrial treatment of waste
materials.
 Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose from
agricultural residues as rice and bean hulls.
 Understanding the mode of complexation of cellulosic
materials to study the effect on metal ion via the
interaction with different metal ion to prepare binary
complexes.
 Modification of cellulosic materials via the complexation
process with another ligand to increase the functional
group coordinated to the metal and formation of ternary
complexes.
 Using the different cellulosic materials and metal
complexes in different application as the tablet
preparation as well as their antimicrobial activity.
Aim of the work

8. ExperimentalExperimental

10. Results and Discussion

11. Chapter I
Acid catalyzed hydrolysis
of lignocellulosic materials

12. Determination of the optimum condition for
pentosane extraction

13. I- Compositional analysis of lignocellulosic materials (rice and bean hulls(.

14. II-Prehydrolysis of rice hulls by water and mineral acids (HCl, H2SO4) at
different concentrations

15. III- Effect of temperature at constant concentration and time

16. IV- Effect of time at constant concentration and temperature

17. Characterization of samples at optimum
conditions

18. Characterization of prepared compound at optimum conditions:
1-FTIR spectroscopy

19. 2-X-ray diffraction patterns

20. 3-TG analysis

21. Chapter IIChapter II
Characterization ofCharacterization of
microcrystalline cellulosemicrocrystalline cellulose
prepared from lignocellulosicprepared from lignocellulosic
materialsmaterials

22. Characterization of samples under study

23. I- Chemical composition of raw, pulped and bleached rice and bean hulls.

24. II- FTIR spectroscopy

26. IV- TG analysis

27. MCC rice hulls (HCl)
(X500) (X1000)
MCC rice hulls (H2SO4)
(X500) (X1000)
V- SEM graphs
(X500) (X1000)
Commercial MCC

28. Chapter IIIChapter III
Binary and ternary complexes ofBinary and ternary complexes of
prepared sodiumprepared sodium
carboxymethylcelluloscarboxymethylcellulos
(Extracted from bean hulls)(Extracted from bean hulls)

31. Suggested fragmentation pathway of P-NaCMC

32. FTIR spectroscopy

33. Temperature oC
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Weight%
20
40
60
80
100
120
P-NaCMC
C-NaCMC
TGA
P-NaCMC water content found 7.70% (calculated 6.93%)
C-NaCMC water content found 8.47%

35. Characterization of binary and ternary polymeric metal
complexes

36. 2-IR spectra of binary and ternary metal complexes

37. 3-Mass spectrum of Binary metal complexes
Ni+2
Ag+1
Cu+2
UO2
+2

38. 5-X-ray diffraction patterns of Binary and Ternary metal complexes

39. 6-TG profile of Binary and Ternary metal complexes

40. Binary
complexes(1) [Ni(CMC)Cl(H2
O)2
].1¼H2
O (2) [Cu(CMC)Cl(H2
O)2
].2H2
O
(3) [Ag2
(CMCd
)(H2
O)4
].4½H2
O (4) [UO2
(CMCd
)(H2
O)3
].1½H2
O
9-The tentative structures of the metal complexes

41. S. Aureus
S. Pyogenes
P. Phaseolicola
P. fluorescens
S. Aureus
S. Pyogenes
P. Phaseolicola
P. fluorescens
7-Antibacterial activity of all compounds under study

42. F. Oxysporum
A. fumigatus
F. Oxysporum
A. fumigatus
8-Antifungi activity of all compounds under study

43. ConclusionConclusion

44. Conclusion
 Residues from annual plants such as rice and bean hulls are interesting alternatives as
cellulose source for several applications. Such materials are renewable and vastly
available in many regions of the world, and are generally burned or disposed for
ambient degradation.
 Rice and bean hulls could be used for the preparation of MCC using either HCl or H2SO4
hydrolysis.
 BH is more convenient for preparation of microcrystalline cellulose than RH.
 MCC prepared in this work similar to that of commercial MCC.
 MCC prepared in this work can be used for different applications specially to prepare
the pharmatheutical tablets.
 The design and synthesis of binary and ternary complexes of Ni2+
, Cu2+
, Ag+
and UO2
2+
with
carboxymethyl cellulose in its sodium salt (P-NaCMC) and pyridine (py) in aqueous
media have been successfully demonstrated.
 Generally, ternary complexes are more stable than the binary complexes and this trend
may be related to presence of pyridine moiety.
 The presence of pyridine moiety has an effect on the crystalline nature of P-NaCMC.
 Incorporating of metal ions enhances the antimicrobial properties of P-NaCMC against
all the test organisms under identical experimental conditions .