Week 3 (and 4) of our AP Biology summer cram course. Presentation on photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

1. AP Biology Week 3
Summer 2013

2. For each question, circle one of the words in the
(parentheses) to make the sentence true.
1. A cell in a (hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic) solution
experiences osmosis of water into the cell.
2. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, which
means (ions/glucose/dissolved gases) can pass directly
through, while (ions/dissolved gases/water) must be
transported through proteins.
3. (Active transport/passive transport/facilitated diffusion)
requires the use of energy, which in the cell is found in
the energy-carrying molecule (ATP/ADP/glucose)

3.  Besides the cell membrane or plasma membrane,
all cells share the following parts:
 Cytoplasm, a jelly-like liquid interior
 Ribosomes, little protein-making factories
 DNA, which carries genetic instructions
 Our own cells are complex, with
many internal membrane
 This splits all known cells into
two groups: simple
prokaryotes and complex
eukaryotes

5.  Plants, animals, fungi, and
protists are eukaryotes
 All eukaryotes have membrane-
bound organelles—tiny organs
that do different jobs in the
cell.
 Many organelles are involved in
protein production, our topic
next week.
 Organelle membranes are also
phospholipid bilayers, often
pinched off from the cell
membrane itself.

6.  The two energy-producing organelles in the cell.
 Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells:
animals, plants, and protists.
 Chloroplasts are found only in plants and some algae.
They perform photosynthesis.

7. Mark the word or phrase with either
(P) PHOTOSYNTHESIS, (C) CELL RESPIRATION
(N) NEITHER, (B) BOTH
• Produces ATP
• Uses ATP
• Occurs in mitochondria
• Occurs in chloroplasts
• Consumes oxygen
• Consumes carbon
dioxide
• Consumes nitrogen
• Occurs in plants
• Occurs in animals
• Requires enzymes
• Produces glucose
• Involves “fixing” carbon

8.  Cellular respiration turns
glucose into ATP energy
 The first stage, glycolysis,
does not require
mitochondria. It happens in
the cytoplasm.
 In glycolysis, the six-carbon
sugar glucose is split into two
three-carbon pyruvate.
 A little bit of ATP and NADH
are produced (energy!!)

9. Pyruvates still have some energy left. In your cells, they
normally go into the mitochondria and get broken down.
But if your cell:
 Has no mitochondria (because it’s a bacterium)
 Has no oxygen to use in mitochondria
Then it will undergo a further step after glycolysis called
fermentation, which breaks down pyruvate a little bit.
“Anaerobic” = without oxygen. “Aerobic” = with oxygen.

10. Lactic Acid Fermentation
 Occurs in your muscles
 Happens AFTER
glycolysis
 Cells “run out” of oxygen
during difficult exercise
 Creates lactate
molecules
 Produces sore muscles
 Occurs in yeast
 Happens AFTER
glycolysis
 Cells are placed in an
anaerobic environment,
such as a vat of sugar
with no air
 Creates ethanol
 Produces beer
Alcoholic Fermentation

11.  In eukaryotic cells, in the
presence of oxygen, pyruvate
normally enters the
mitochondrion.
 There, it is broken down by a
complex series of reactions
known as the Krebs Cycle or
the citric acid cycle.
 This cycle breaks apart carbon
bonds, producing carbon
dioxide and NADH/FADH2.

12.  NADH and FADH2 are too temporary for proper
energy use in the cell, so they are converted into ATP
 The process passes electrons down an electron
transport chain that ends in ATP synthase.
 The electrons are built up
on either side of the
mitochondrial
membrane so that there
is a diffusion gradient.

13.  Notice the order:
electron transport chain,
then calvin cycle
 Here the order is:
glycolysis, krebs cycle,
then electron transport

14. Make a quick Venn diagram comparing photosynthesis
and cellular respiration. Some things to consider:
 What molecules are involved?
 Where do the reactions occur?
 How do the different reactions work (are they
cycles, chains, etc.)?
 What organisms do they happen in?
 What are the reactants (what goes in)?
 What are the products (what comes out)?

15. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration