This document provides a summary of slides viewed during a pathology lab on September 15th. It describes various types of cell injury, including irreversible cell injury and inflammatory cells. Specific conditions summarized include lung abscess, myocardial infarction, acute pancreatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, acute appendicitis, tuberculous leprosy of the skin, and renal infarction. Key features of each such as type of necrosis, hallmarks, and type of inflammation are outlined. Normal tissue structures are also shown for comparison. Inflammatory cells elevated in different infections like bacteria, viruses, and parasites are explained. Additional slides shown include liver fibrosis, typical Langhans giant cells, and multiple myeloma seen in blood tissue.

1. PATHOLOGY LAB DATE:- 15TH SEPT RAVI A PATEL CELL INJURY-2IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY & INFLAMMATORY CELLS

2. GEOGRAPHY OF THE SLIDES SHOWN IN THE PATHO LAB- 9:00 AM 15TH SEPT

3. TABLE#1 1 2 3 4 Slides of Irreversible Cell injury 5 7 8 6 TABLE #2 9 10 11 12 Slides of Inflammatory cells 13 14 15

4. Reversible injury slides

5. LUNG ABSCESS TYPE OF NECROSIS:- LIQUEFACTIVE HALL MARK:- Grossly:- Purulent Exudate(PUS) Microscopically:- Complete destruction of the tissue and loss of the architecture(We can see Cell debris, infiltrates of lymphocytes, and Fibres)- Though alveoli and other pulmonary structures can be differentiated depending on the level of lung absess TYPE OF INFLAMMATION:-CAN BE ACUTE OR CHRONIC

6. LEVELS OF LUNG ABSCESS MINIMAL:- We can appreciate the Pulmonary struct. MODERATE:- Most of the pulmonary parenchyma are involved in the necrosis LATENT:- We can rarely appreciate the Pulmonary structures(Most of the tissue has been destroyed) ***Commonest cause is aspiration of infected particles****

7. NORMAL LUNG TISSUE Organ : Lung Alveolar duct Alveolar sac

8. LPO GRANULAR DEBRIS NEUTROPHIL AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY CELLS 1 HPO

9. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TYPE OF NECROSIS:- COAGULATIVE HALLMARK:- The necrosed Cells appear more eosinophilic(Dark pinkish) Infiltrates and PMNs become prominent(Neutrophils Spec) PYKNOSIS:- Nuclear condensation KARYOLYSIS:- Nuclear Dissolution KARYORRHEXIS:- Fragmentation of nucleus into granules Type Of inflammation:- Acute

10. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Kidneys and Heart have only one blood supply unlike other organs Because of this reason these organs are very sensitive to oxygen deprivation and due to this they usually undergo infarction in any ischemic conditions….. When we think of infarction its Most commonly HEART AND KIDNEYS

11. 2 The nucleus seems to have undergone Pyknosis Karyorrhexis MI is Acute type of Inflammation So there are a lot of PMNs Notice that the Architecture of the Myocardium is still preserved But the Structures within the cells (Nucleus And cytoplasmic) are not clear..

12. Acute Pancreatitis Type of Necrosis:- Enzymatic Fat Necrosis Hallmark:- Necrotic fat cells have cloudy appearance The necrotic area is surrounded by inflammatory reactions Type of inflammation:- Acute Notice the Architecture being still intact

13. Noramal Pancreas No Islet of Langerhans

14. 3 Site of Necrosis Necrotic Tissue Cloudy appearace due to Autodigestion by Lipase Inflammatory Reaction

15. Pulmonary Tuberculosis Type of Necrosis:- Caseous( Coagulative+Liqufaction) Hallmark:- Chessy appearance Granuloma Epitheliod cells(they are simply modified macrophages) Giant Cells:-(Many macrophages combine and form Giant cell) Two types---Langhans and Foreign body Giant cells CAUSE:- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Type of inflammation:- Chronic

16. 4 GRANULOMA Surrounding the Granuloma we can see inflammatory reaction

17. TB of the Lymph nodes Type of Necrosis:- Caseous HALLMARK:- Purple color- Epithelioid cells Pink Color:- Granuloma M. Tuberculosis if not removed from the lungs is taken up by the lymph… Through Lympho-Heamtogenous distribution M. Tuberculosis is spread to different organs

18. 5 PINK COLORED GRANULOMA IS THE SITE OF NECROSIS PURPLE COLORED ARE THE EPITHELIOD CELLS

19. Tuberculosis of Intestines Type of Necrosis:- Caseous Hallmark:- In intestines there is Tunica muscularis which helps in differentiating lung and intesting TB Granuloma Epithelioid cells Giant cells

20. 6 Site of necrosis (Granuloma) Inflammatory Reaction Where epithelioid cells are visible

21. ACUTE APPENDICITIS HALLMARK:- PMNs(NEUTROPHILS) MOST COMMON CAUSE:- Enterococcusfeacalis

22. 4 3 2 1 NORMAL APPENDIX Organ : Appendix 4 layers 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Tunica muscularis 4. Tunica serosa

23. 7 IMPT HALL MARK OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS PMNs SPECIALLY NEUTROPHILS Tunica Muscularis

24. TUBERCULOID LEPROSY-SKIN It is a Chronic type of Inflammation Cause:- Infection by Mycobacterium leprae Hallmark:- Granuloma in Dermis Foamy cells or Leprae cells in Dermis Epithelioid cells

25. NORMAL SKIN

26. 8 Giant cells Foam cells or Leprae cells Granuloma in the Dermis Epithelioid cells

27. Renal infarction Kidney and Heart have only one main blood supply Because of this reason these organs are very sensitive to oxygen deprivation and due to this they usually undergo infarction in any ischemic conditions….. Hallmark:- The cells look more eosinophilic,karyolysis And karyorrhexis can be seen When we think of infarction its Most commonly HEART AND KIDNEYS

28. Normal Kidney

29. Renal infarction which we couldnot see during our Demo slides Notice that the structures of Glomerulus and the tubules are still intact But due to protein degeneration which took place due to the ischaemic infarction the nucleus are fragmented and infiltrates of the PMNs can be seen(This make it more eosinophilic)

30. Inflammatory cells

31. Cells elevated in different kinds of infections Bacterial infection:- Neutrophils Neutrophils contain Myeloperixidase which helps in the O2 dependant pathogen destruction by forming free radicals (Neutrophils will convert into monocytes after their action due to their short life span) Viral Infection:-Lymphocytes Lymphocytes will release interferons which in turn will help makes the process of virus recognizition through receptors more effective Parasitic infection:-Eosinophils There are granules in Eosinophils which contains neurotoxins,andeosionophilperoxidase– neurotoxins are harmful to parasites

32. 9

33. 10

34. 11

35. 12

38. 14

39. TYPICAL LANGHAN’S CELL HORSE SHOE SHAPED Nucleus are arranged on the Periphery so the the infection does Not spread further GIANT CELLS Foreign body Giant cell TYPICAL FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELL NUCLEUS ARE SCATTERED

40. 15 SLIDE MADE FROM BLOOD TISSUE PATHOLOGY:- MULTIPLE MYELOMA PLASMA CELLS CONTINUE TO BE IN G-2 PHASE SO WE SEE SO MANY PLASMA CELLS IN BLOOD DURING THIS CODITION HPO TYPICAL PLASMA CELL CART/ WHEEL SHAPE NUCLES LPO RUSSLE BODIES

41. Thanking to the entire Universe