Soft matter or soft condensed matter is a subfield of condensed matter comprising a variety of physical systems that are deformed or structurally altered by thermal or mechanical stress of the magnitude of thermal fluctuations. They include liquids, colloids, polymers, foams, gels, granular materials, liquid crystals, and a number of biological materials. These materials share an important common feature in that predominant physical behaviors occur at an energy scale comparable with room temperature thermal energy. At these temperatures, quantum aspects are generally unimportant. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, who has been called the "founding father of soft matter,"[1] received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1991 for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to the more complex cases found in soft matter, in particular, to the behaviors of liquid crystals and polymers.[2]
Contents
1 Distinctive physics
2 Applications
3 Research
4 Related
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Soft matter or soft condensed matter is a subfield of condensed matter comprising a variety of physical systems that are deformed or structurally altered by thermal or mechanical stress of the magnitude of thermal fluctuations. They include liquids, colloids, polymers, foams, gels, granular materials, liquid crystals, and a number of biological materials. These materials share an important common feature in that predominant physical behaviors occur at an energy scale comparable with room temperature thermal energy. At these temperatures, quantum aspects are generally unimportant. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, who has been called the "founding father of soft matter,"[1] received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1991 for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to the more complex cases found in soft matter, in particular, to the behaviors of liquid crystals and polymers.[2]
Contents
1 Distinctive physics
2 Applications
3 Research
4 Related
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Understanding-Climate-Changes , global warmingRaju678948
Title: "Understanding Climate Change: A Comprehensive Overview"
Description:
Welcome to our SlideShare presentation on climate change, where we explore the science, impacts, and solutions to one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Join us as we delve into the complex dynamics of climate change and its far-reaching consequences on our planet and society.
**Key Sections:**
1. Introduction to Climate Change: Defining the phenomenon and identifying its primary drivers, including human activities and natural factors.
2. Evidence of Climate Change: Presenting compelling data and visuals showcasing the observable effects of climate change, such as rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and melting ice caps.
3. Impacts of Climate Change: Examining the environmental, economic, and social repercussions of a changing climate, from biodiversity loss and habitat destruction to economic instability and human displacement.
4. Global Responses to Climate Change: Highlighting international agreements, national policies, and corporate initiatives aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate impacts.
5. Mitigation Strategies: Exploring various approaches to reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources, including renewable energy deployment, energy efficiency measures, and afforestation efforts.
6. Adaptation Measures: Discussing strategies for enhancing resilience and preparedness at the individual, community, and institutional levels to cope with the impacts of climate change.
7. Call to Action: Empowering individuals, organizations, and governments to take decisive action in addressing climate change through advocacy, education, and collective efforts.
8. Hope for the Future: Concluding with a message of optimism and resilience, emphasizing the transformative potential of climate action and the opportunity to create a more sustainable and equitable world for future generations.
Join us on this journey to deepen your understanding of climate change and inspire positive change in the fight against this global crisis. Let's work together to safeguard our planet and build a brighter, more resilient future for all. #ClimateChange #Sustainability #ActOnClimate
“Change is the Law of Nature”.Climate Change is a reality. It has changed in Past, is changing in Present and will change in Future. The variation and shifts in weather conditions over space and time of different scales and magnitude resulting into
changes of Climatic Type is defined as Climate Change.
The factor that affect climate are,Continental drift,Variation in the earth’s orbit,Plate tectonics,Volcanic activity,Ocean currents,Greenhouse Gases,Atmospheric Aerosols etc. It effect climate in different ways such as Higher Temperatures,Changing Landscapes,Wildlife/Ecosystem at Risk,Ocean acidification /Rising Seas level,Increased Risk of Drought, Fire and Floods,Intensified Storms and Increased Storm Damages,Illness and Disease,Economic Losses,Agriculture Productivity/Food Security etc.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
Welcome to this in-depth article on global warming, a topic of utmost importance in today's world. Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In this article, we will explore the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to address this pressing issue. So, let's dive in and learn more about the impact of global warming on our planet.
Global warming is a significant environmental concern that has captured the attention of scientists, policymakers, and the general public. It is caused by the excessive release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping back into space, leading to a rise in global temperatures.
Vivid description about climate change
A NASA database based presentation.
Geoengineering, solar , Mitigation and Adaption
a social cause , vital signs of planet
brief intoduction
www.climate.nasa.gov
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Understanding-Climate-Changes , global warmingRaju678948
Title: "Understanding Climate Change: A Comprehensive Overview"
Description:
Welcome to our SlideShare presentation on climate change, where we explore the science, impacts, and solutions to one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Join us as we delve into the complex dynamics of climate change and its far-reaching consequences on our planet and society.
**Key Sections:**
1. Introduction to Climate Change: Defining the phenomenon and identifying its primary drivers, including human activities and natural factors.
2. Evidence of Climate Change: Presenting compelling data and visuals showcasing the observable effects of climate change, such as rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and melting ice caps.
3. Impacts of Climate Change: Examining the environmental, economic, and social repercussions of a changing climate, from biodiversity loss and habitat destruction to economic instability and human displacement.
4. Global Responses to Climate Change: Highlighting international agreements, national policies, and corporate initiatives aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate impacts.
5. Mitigation Strategies: Exploring various approaches to reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources, including renewable energy deployment, energy efficiency measures, and afforestation efforts.
6. Adaptation Measures: Discussing strategies for enhancing resilience and preparedness at the individual, community, and institutional levels to cope with the impacts of climate change.
7. Call to Action: Empowering individuals, organizations, and governments to take decisive action in addressing climate change through advocacy, education, and collective efforts.
8. Hope for the Future: Concluding with a message of optimism and resilience, emphasizing the transformative potential of climate action and the opportunity to create a more sustainable and equitable world for future generations.
Join us on this journey to deepen your understanding of climate change and inspire positive change in the fight against this global crisis. Let's work together to safeguard our planet and build a brighter, more resilient future for all. #ClimateChange #Sustainability #ActOnClimate
“Change is the Law of Nature”.Climate Change is a reality. It has changed in Past, is changing in Present and will change in Future. The variation and shifts in weather conditions over space and time of different scales and magnitude resulting into
changes of Climatic Type is defined as Climate Change.
The factor that affect climate are,Continental drift,Variation in the earth’s orbit,Plate tectonics,Volcanic activity,Ocean currents,Greenhouse Gases,Atmospheric Aerosols etc. It effect climate in different ways such as Higher Temperatures,Changing Landscapes,Wildlife/Ecosystem at Risk,Ocean acidification /Rising Seas level,Increased Risk of Drought, Fire and Floods,Intensified Storms and Increased Storm Damages,Illness and Disease,Economic Losses,Agriculture Productivity/Food Security etc.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
Welcome to this in-depth article on global warming, a topic of utmost importance in today's world. Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In this article, we will explore the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to address this pressing issue. So, let's dive in and learn more about the impact of global warming on our planet.
Global warming is a significant environmental concern that has captured the attention of scientists, policymakers, and the general public. It is caused by the excessive release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping back into space, leading to a rise in global temperatures.
Vivid description about climate change
A NASA database based presentation.
Geoengineering, solar , Mitigation and Adaption
a social cause , vital signs of planet
brief intoduction
www.climate.nasa.gov
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
2. WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING ?
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average
surface temperature, primarily due to human activities like burning
fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. This leads to
the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane,
and nitrous oxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the
planet to warm. This warming can have significant impacts on the
environment, including melting ice caps, rising sea levels, more
extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems and
wildlife.As the human population has inclined,so has the volume of
fossilfuels burned.
3. TYPES OF GLOBAL WARMING :-
Global warming can manifest in various ways, affecting different aspects of the Earth's
systems. Some types of global warming include:
1.Temperature Increase: This is the most widely recognized form, where the average
global temperature rises over time.
2. Glacial Melting: Warming temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers and ice caps,
contributing to sea level rise.
3. Ocean Warming: Heat from global warming is absorbed by the oceans, leading to warmer
ocean temperatures, which can disrupt marine ecosystems and weather patterns.
4. Extreme Weather Events: Global warming can intensify and increase the frequency of
extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, heatwaves, and heavy rainfall.
4. 5.Sea Level Rise: As ice caps and glaciers melt and ocean waters expand due to
warming, sea levels rise, threatening coastal communities and ecosystems.
6.Acidification: Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere lead to
higher levels of CO2 being absorbed by the oceans, causing them to become
more acidic, which can harm marine life.
7.Shifts in Ecosystems: Warming temperatures can cause shifts in ecosystems
and habitats, affecting plant and animal species distribution and biodiversity.
5. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT:-
The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which
certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from
the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space.
These gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), and water vapor, act like a blanket, allowing
sunlight to enter and warm the Earth's surface while
trapping some of the heat, which keeps the planet's
temperature suitable for life. However, human
activities, such as burning fossil fuels and
deforestation, have increased the concentration of
these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, enhancing
the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming
and climate change.
6. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING:-
● Deforestation:-
Deforestation is the process of clearing, removing, or destroying forests or
wooded areas, often for purposes such as agricultural expansion, logging,
urbanization, or infrastructure development. It involves the permanent or
temporary removal of trees and vegetation, leading to the loss of forest cover and
the conversion of forested land into non-forest uses. Deforestation is a significant
environmental issue with wide-ranging impacts on biodiversity, climate change,
soil erosion, water cycle, and ecosystem services.
7. Use of vehicles:-
The use of vehicles is essential for transportation, providing mobility and
accessibility for individuals and goods. Vehicles serve various purposes, including
commuting to work, transporting goods and services, emergency response, and
leisure activities. They offer convenience and efficiency in travel, allowing people
to cover long distances relatively quickly compared to other modes of
transportation like walking or cycling.
Urbanization and industrial development:-
The expansion of cities, roads, highways, and other infrastructure projects often
involves clearing forests. Urban sprawl and the construction of dams, mines, and
hydroelectric projects also contribute to deforestation.
8. Agriculture:
Clearing land for agriculture, including commercial farming and subsistence
agriculture, is one of the primary drivers of deforestation. Large-scale agriculture, such
as cattle ranching, soybean cultivation, and palm oil production, often involves clearing
large areas of forests.
Overpopulation:-
Overpopulation refers to a situation in which the number of people in a specific
area exceeds the carrying capacity of that area, meaning there are more individuals
than the resources and infrastructure can sustainably support. This can lead to
various social, economic, and environmental challenges, including resource
shortages, environmental degradation, pressure on infrastructure, and social and
economic inequality.
9.
10. Volcanoes:-
Volcanoes are natural geological features on the Earth's surface that form when magma (molten rock),
gas, and ash erupt from beneath the Earth's crust through openings or vents called vents. These
eruptions can produce various volcanic landforms, including mountains, craters, calderas, and lava
flows. Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct, and they are often associated with tectonic plate
boundaries, such as divergent or convergent boundaries, as well as hotspots. Eruptions can vary in
intensity, from gentle lava flows to explosive eruptions ejecting ash and volcanic debris into the
atmosphere.
11. Melting permafrost:-
Melting permafrost refers to the process in which the permanently frozen ground, known as
permafrost, thaws and transitions into a liquid state. Permafrost is soil, rock, or sediment that
remains at or below the freezing point of water (0°C or 32°F) for two or more consecutive years.
The melting of permafrost occurs when temperatures rise above freezing, causing the ice within
the permafrost to melt and the ground to become unstable. This process can have significant
environmental, social, and economic consequences, including the release of greenhouse gases,
changes to ecosystems, and damage to infrastructure built on permafrost.
12. Forest blazes:-
Forest blazes refer to large, intense fires that occur in forested areas, often spreading rapidly and causing significant
damage to trees, vegetation, wildlife, and property. These fires can be natural or human-caused and are
characterized by their ability to quickly engulf large areas of forest, driven by factors such as dry conditions, high
temperatures, strong winds, and flammable vegetation. Forest blazes can have severe ecological and environmental
impacts, including habitat destruction, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and air pollution. They also pose risks to
human safety and health, requiring coordinated efforts from firefighting agencies to contain and extinguish them.
13. Water vapour:-
Water vapor is the gaseous form of water. It is an invisible, odorless gas that forms when liquid
water evaporates or when ice sublimates directly into the atmosphere. Water vapor is the most
abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere and plays a crucial role in the Earth's climate
system, contributing to the greenhouse effect and regulating the planet's temperature. It is
constantly cycling through the atmosphere via processes such as evaporation, condensation, and
precipitation, and it plays a key role in weather patterns and the hydrological cycle.
14.
15. The effects of global warming, resulting from the increase in Earth's average
surface temperature primarily due to human activities, include:
Rising temperatures: Global warming leads to higher average temperatures
worldwide, resulting in heatwaves and extreme heat events, particularly in
urban areas.
Melting ice and rising sea levels: Warming temperatures cause glaciers, ice
caps, and polar ice sheets to melt, contributing to rising sea levels. This leads
to coastal erosion, flooding, and loss of habitat for coastal communities and
wildlife.
Changes in precipitation patterns: Global warming alters precipitation
patterns, leading to more intense rainfall events, droughts, and changes in the
frequency and intensity of storms, hurricanes, and typhoons.
16. Ocean warming and acidification: Warming temperatures lead to higher ocean
temperatures, disrupting marine ecosystems, coral bleaching, and affecting marine
species' distribution. Additionally, increased CO2 absorption by oceans leads to ocean
acidification, harming marine life such as coral reefs, shellfish, and plankton.
Loss of biodiversity: Global warming threatens biodiversity by disrupting
ecosystems, altering habitats, and accelerating species extinction rates. Many species
are unable to adapt or migrate quickly enough to survive in rapidly changing
environments.
Negative impacts on agriculture: Changes in temperature and precipitation
patterns affect agricultural productivity, leading to crop failures, reduced yields, and
changes in crop distribution. This can result in food shortages, price fluctuations, and
economic instability, particularly in developing countries.