1. Major Periods in Russian Politics
Pre-national Russia was occupied mostly The Land of the Rus, a polity eventually
by tribes, then groups of villagers, and known as Kievan Rus, established by a
eventually city-states, almost all Varangian or Viking army
independent from each other 862–1240
Ivan and the Romanov Dynasty
Golden Horde and The Khanate 1547—1721 as a Tsardom The USSR
1240–1502 1721—1917 as Imperator of Russia 1922-1991 The Federation
of Russia
1991-present
Russia’s 3 Dynasties
Invasion of the Rurik 862—1598
Golden Khan 1240—1502 Russian
Horde, later called Romanov 1613—1917 Revolution
Tatars
1237—1240

2. Pronouns singular plural Spanish English
1st person yo nos en in, inside, during,
2nd person tú X within, on
3rd person Ud./el/ella Ud.s/ellos/ellas para for, in order for, in
order to, purpose of
Present (ar/er/ir) singular plural
a to, as in going to,
1st Person o/o/o amos/emos/imos directs verb
2nd Person as/es/es X for, by , because, the
por
3rd Person a/e/e an/en/en reason behind, motive
Preterite (ar/er+ir) singular plural de of, relates to
1st Person é/í amos/imos
2nd Person aste/iste X de+el=del y a+el=al
3rd Person ó/ió aron/ieron
Imperfect (ar/er+ir) singular plural Commands (ar/er+ir)
1st Person aba/ía ábamos/íamos positive yo form
-o +e/a
2nd Person abas/ías X
negative yo form
3rd Person aba/ía aban/ían -o +es/as

3. Common Verbs
Español English Español English Español English
ir to go vivir to live poder to be able
ser to be hablar to talk andar to walk
estar to be escuchar to listen correr to run
hacer to make/do venir to come buscar to search
tener to have traer to bring cantar to sing
comer to eat dar to give vender to sell
beber to drink poner to put comprar to buy
creer to believe tomar to take vestir to dress
aprender to learn dejar to leave cocinar to cook
saber to know seguir to follow ver to view
conocer to have met pedir to ask mirrar to watch

4. Somewhat Miscellaneous Words
Spanish English Eng. the singular plural tense Reflex.
masculine el los 1st Sing me
¿Dónde? Where?
feminine la las 2nd Sing te
¿Cuánto? How many? 3rd Sing se
Eng. it singular plural
¿Cuándo? When? 1st Plu nos
masculine lo los
¿Cuál? Which? 3rd Plu se
feminine la las
¿Qué? What? for him le les
¿Quién? Who?
uno singular plural
¿Cómo? How? masculine un unos
¿Por qué? Why? feminine una unas
dos tres cuatro cinco seis sieta ocho nueve dies once doce
two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12