belladonna

2. SUBJECT:PHARMACOGNOCY
TOPIC: BALLADONNA HERB
SUBMITTED TO:
GOWRI SHANKAR SIR
PRESENTED BY:
SHAIK MOWLALI

3. SYNONYMS:Belladonna leaf, Belladonna herb.
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:
It consists of dried leaves and other aerial parts of
atropa belladonna Linn.
FAMILY: solanaceae
GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:
England, Europe. In india, it is found in the
western himalayas from simla to kasmir &
adjoining areas of Himachal pradesh.

8. Cultivation of belladonna at an altitude of 1400
m from sea level is found to be satisfactory.
Belladonna berries are curshed to get the seeds
for cultivation.
Proper processing like washing and sieving is
performed.
Only healthy seeds are used for cultivation.
Seeds are sown by broadcasting method in well
prepared beds with the application of fungicide
like diathon.
Sowing is done in may & july

9. The seedlings are ready for transplantation by
the end of September.
Transplanting is done by keeping certain distance
between two plants & the seedlings are irrigated
carefully.
Fertilizers like urea, potash & superphosphate are
given as per the needs.
Insecticidal sprays like sevin are also tried when
the plant reaches maturity.
The leaves,as well as, the flowering tops are cut
& sundried (or)dried in shade.

10. During drying, care is taken to retain the green
colour.
While grading and packing for market, woolly
stems and foreign organic matter are rejected.
The yield per hectare is found to be 200 to 600kg

11. Colour:
Leaves are greenish brown.
Odour:
Slight & characteristic.
Taste: Bitter.

12. Dorsiventral leaf
Collenchyma above & below the mid rib
Unicellular covering trichomes, unicellular
glandular trichomes
Microsphaenoidal calcium oxalate crystals

14. The total alkaloidal content of drug is 0.4 to 1%
& varies in different parts of plant roots (0.6),
stems (0.05%), leaves (0.4%), unripe & ripe
berries (0.19-0.21%) & seeds (0.33%).
The main alkaloids are l-hyoscyamine & its
racemic form atropine.
The drug also contains belladonine, scopoletin,
hyoscine, pyridine & N-methyl pyrroline.
The later two are the volatile bases.

16. Belladonna is used as a sedative, to stop bronchial
spasms in asthma and whooping cough, and as a
cold and hay fever remedy.
It is also used for Parkinson's disease, (is a brain
disorder that causes a gradual loss of muscle
control.)colic, motion sickness, and as a painkiller.
Belladonna is used in ointments that are applied to
the skin for joint pain (rheumatism), leg pain caused
by a disc in the backbone pushing on the sciatic
nerve (sciatica), and nerve pain (neuralgia).

17. Belladonna is also used in plasters (medicine-filled
gauze applied to the skin) for treating psychiatric
disorders, a behavior disorder called hyperkinesis,
 excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), and bronchial
asthma.