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Information
                                            Information
                                                   Literate
                                              Literate
                                                 behaviour
                                            behaviour in
                                            Second Second
                                                 in Life
Sheila Yoshikawa/
                                                Sheila
                                                       Life
 Sheila Webber
                                             Yoshikawa/
                                            Sheila Webber

  Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield, March 2010
Warning
• I am talking about using the “old” Second Life
  viewer
• So some detailed strategies may change ..
• …but the basic ideas don‟t
Information?
• Something written, text
• Pictures, icons
• Sounds
• A molecule
• The way someone is moving (e.g. fireman, dancer,
  someone trying to get through invisible barrier in SL)
• X, Y, Z coordinates
Information behaviour
“the totality of human behavior in relation to sources
 and channels of information, including both active
 and passive information seeking, and information
 use. Thus, it includes face to-face communication
 with others, as well as the passive reception of
 information as in, for example,watching TV
 advertisements, without any intention to act on the
 information given” (Wilson, 2000)


                                      Sheila Webber, 2010
Includes bumping into information
           Information on Eshi Otawara’s
                art, “encountered” on the
                       fashion blog feeds
           http://fashionplanet.worldofsl.com/
Information tools inworld:
     1 - Search in SL
2-
Avatar
info in
  SL
3-
Object
info in
  SL
4 - Land info in SL
Study details
• 40 interviews (2 per student) carried out in SL late
  Nov - early Dec 2008; plus 25 interviews in Nov
  2008- Jan 2009; plus 29 interviews Jan-Feb 2010;
• Informed consent, and chat transcripts logged
• Sample: friends and willing volunteers
• Mostly educators, librarians or SL developers from
  various countries, mostly UK and North America



                                       Sheila Webber, 2010
Study details
• Students undertook interviews with people in SL,
  focusing on a particular time when they had an
  information need relating to a SL activity
• Interview designed and piloted by me
• Some limitations




                                       Sheila Webber, 2010
Research models to which students
     compared their findings included
• Erdelez‟ (1999) model of information encountering
• Ellis‟ (1997) model of information seeking
Kinds of search

• Objects e.g. Bunk beds; Scarf; Buildings; New tail;
  Texture (graphic); RSS reader; Motorcycle
   – SL Exchange as better than SL inworld search
   – Bumping into shops and objects in SL
   – Need to try different words and phrases to search
   – Ordinary search engines not so much use
Kinds of search
• Information e.g. where is this conference
  happening; what social work activity is there in SL
   – Trying different approaches, RL and SL e.g. finding
     where a meeting is happening (searching SL Map for
     green dots, email, website)
   – Chaining e.g. search for health education sites in SL;
     Google search – hits, but outdated – followed up links
     and people – searched for articles about these sites
Subjects for search
• Advice e.g. How to open a parachute; good
  “camping” sites; How to a media stream running;
  How to embed a notecard; “How to interact with the
  world”; How best to teach basic building skills
   – Sometimes solved quickly by asking an expert or friend
   – Sometimes using different tactics and sources over a
     long time




                                                 Sheila Webber, 2010
Subjects for search
• Scripting: all or part of a script needed for a task
   – LSL wiki
   – Script authors (e.g. their blogs, contacting in person) &
     other people who script
   – If getting new script: SL search; Script libraries
• Land: buying or renting land
   – Flying around
   – Asking people
   – SL land search waste of time
   – Search engines also not much use
                                                    Sheila Webber, 2010
Starting point more often satisfactory if
               specialised
• “for social media, I frequently use Mashable first” (I6
  09/10)
• “specifically, the first step was to ask people I
  thought were experts ;) (I12 09/10)
• “first point would be searching my mail folders
  incase anyone has posted to the mailing lists about
  the topic” (I20 09/10)
• Starting point may be own inventory
Monitoring: examples
Usually specific to the subject area
• RSS feed from AIDS.gov blog
• Feed of SL fashion blogs
• “i use the virtual world forum & try & attend the
  social & discussion meets” (I9 09/10)
Using people
• Reading discussion lists, Twitter and blogs
• Attending SL and Real Life events
• “I befriended avatars in SL of the people who I met
  and visited them on their islands to check out what
  they were doing” (I4 09/10)
• Finding out who had done something (e.g.
  examining builds and land), contacting them
• Using network of friends & professional networks
  inside and outside SL
People sources
• “Much of my information came from talking to people,
    asking questions, finding what they had done” (I3 07/08)
•   “People who had land already could give advice about what
    to look for when you are buying” (I5b 07/08)
•   “The social network retrieval of information here will be king
    despite good search tools” (I1a 07/08)
•   [best source] “probably, because like in real life, somebody
    who seems kind and friendly is usually the best source ..
    You don‟t feel silly asking for the help” (I9 08/09)
•   Negative as well as positive views of Second Life Educators
    List in 2008/9                                Sheila Webber, 2010
Varying strategies & channels
• Rich mix of sources (see also example)
  “a wiki might give an example of a piece of code,
  but a blog may tell us a story of how the author
  came up with it” (I3 08/09)
   “if it‟s some kind of academic info need, then I
  might use my list first. If it‟s artefacts in SL then SL
  search and friends; and the web for „how to‟ stuff,
  background info, about people in SL” (I8 08/09)



                                          Sheila Webber, 2010
Encountering information
• “I teleported into Edunation at random, only to find a viewer
  setup right in front of me!” I20 08/09
• “another neighbour happened by, and she set up a
  motorcycle for sale for $0 on her land right behind me” I5
  08/09
• “Oh my goodness!!!! Have I ever!” (bumped into info – I18)
• (How did you feel) “Great! I was so excited!” “It was a bit of
  a serendipity moment” all I17 07/08
• “I tend not to meander around in SL, I generally just come
  in and out of it for specific purposes, and so wouldn‟t really
  bump into things in that way” I10 08/09
                                              Sheila Webber, 2010
Search for sculpture in SL (I16 2007/8)
• Picture of sculptures on a blog
• Visited the sculpture site in SL, examined details of
  sculptures, then of creator of sculpture
• Googled name of sculptor
• Asked SL friends about sculptor,
  searched/examined subject specific blogs and
  websites & art gallery in SL & interacted with new
  people in SL discovered through these channels
• Bought sculpture
                                        Sheila Webber, 2010
Sheila Webber, 2010
"An information literate person has a deep
 awareness, connection, and fluency with the
 information environment. Information literate people
 are engaged, enabled, enriched and embodied by
 social, procedural and physical information that
 constitutes an information universe. Information
 literacy is a way of knowing that universe."
Lloyd (2004: 223)
With thanks to the INf104 students and
           the interviewees
Sheila Webber
   s.webber@shef.ac.uk
   http://information-literacy.blogspot.com/



                          Sheila Yoshikawa

    http://adventuresofyoshikawa.blogspot.com/

Powerpoint at: http://www.slideshare.net/sheilawebber/
References
• Ellis, D and Haugan, M. (1997) “Modelling the information
  seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists in an
  industrial environment.” Journal of documentation, 53 (4),
  384-403.
• Erdelez, S. (1999) “Information encountering: it's more than
  just bumping into information.” Bulletin of the American
  Association for Information Science [Online], 25 (3), 25-29.
  http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Feb-99/erdelez.html
• Lloyd, A (2004) “Working (in)formation: conceptualizing
  information literacy in the workplace” In Proceedings of 3rd
  International Life Long Learning Conference, 13-16 June.
  Rockhampton: Central Queensland University Press. 218-
  224.
References
• Mon, Lorri. (2009). “Questions and Answers in a Virtual World
  : Educators and Librarians as Information Providers in Second
  Life.” Journal of Virtual Worlds Research, 2 (1).
  http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/article/view/398
• Ostrander, M. (2008) “Talking, looking, flying, searching:
  information seeking behaviour in Second Life.” Library Hi-
  Tech, 26 (4), 512-524.
• Webber, S. (2010) “Investigating modes of student inquiry in
  Second Life as part of a blended approach.” International
  Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments, 1 (3)
  [in press]
• Wilson, T. (2000) “Human information behaviour.” Informing
  science, 3 (2), 49-55.

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Information Literate behaviour in Second Life

  • 1. Information Information Literate Literate behaviour behaviour in Second Second in Life Sheila Yoshikawa/ Sheila Life Sheila Webber Yoshikawa/ Sheila Webber Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield, March 2010
  • 2. Warning • I am talking about using the “old” Second Life viewer • So some detailed strategies may change .. • …but the basic ideas don‟t
  • 3. Information? • Something written, text • Pictures, icons • Sounds • A molecule • The way someone is moving (e.g. fireman, dancer, someone trying to get through invisible barrier in SL) • X, Y, Z coordinates
  • 4. Information behaviour “the totality of human behavior in relation to sources and channels of information, including both active and passive information seeking, and information use. Thus, it includes face to-face communication with others, as well as the passive reception of information as in, for example,watching TV advertisements, without any intention to act on the information given” (Wilson, 2000) Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 5. Includes bumping into information Information on Eshi Otawara’s art, “encountered” on the fashion blog feeds http://fashionplanet.worldofsl.com/
  • 6. Information tools inworld: 1 - Search in SL
  • 9. 4 - Land info in SL
  • 10. Study details • 40 interviews (2 per student) carried out in SL late Nov - early Dec 2008; plus 25 interviews in Nov 2008- Jan 2009; plus 29 interviews Jan-Feb 2010; • Informed consent, and chat transcripts logged • Sample: friends and willing volunteers • Mostly educators, librarians or SL developers from various countries, mostly UK and North America Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 11. Study details • Students undertook interviews with people in SL, focusing on a particular time when they had an information need relating to a SL activity • Interview designed and piloted by me • Some limitations Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 12. Research models to which students compared their findings included • Erdelez‟ (1999) model of information encountering • Ellis‟ (1997) model of information seeking
  • 13. Kinds of search • Objects e.g. Bunk beds; Scarf; Buildings; New tail; Texture (graphic); RSS reader; Motorcycle – SL Exchange as better than SL inworld search – Bumping into shops and objects in SL – Need to try different words and phrases to search – Ordinary search engines not so much use
  • 14. Kinds of search • Information e.g. where is this conference happening; what social work activity is there in SL – Trying different approaches, RL and SL e.g. finding where a meeting is happening (searching SL Map for green dots, email, website) – Chaining e.g. search for health education sites in SL; Google search – hits, but outdated – followed up links and people – searched for articles about these sites
  • 15. Subjects for search • Advice e.g. How to open a parachute; good “camping” sites; How to a media stream running; How to embed a notecard; “How to interact with the world”; How best to teach basic building skills – Sometimes solved quickly by asking an expert or friend – Sometimes using different tactics and sources over a long time Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 16. Subjects for search • Scripting: all or part of a script needed for a task – LSL wiki – Script authors (e.g. their blogs, contacting in person) & other people who script – If getting new script: SL search; Script libraries • Land: buying or renting land – Flying around – Asking people – SL land search waste of time – Search engines also not much use Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 17. Starting point more often satisfactory if specialised • “for social media, I frequently use Mashable first” (I6 09/10) • “specifically, the first step was to ask people I thought were experts ;) (I12 09/10) • “first point would be searching my mail folders incase anyone has posted to the mailing lists about the topic” (I20 09/10) • Starting point may be own inventory
  • 18. Monitoring: examples Usually specific to the subject area • RSS feed from AIDS.gov blog • Feed of SL fashion blogs • “i use the virtual world forum & try & attend the social & discussion meets” (I9 09/10)
  • 19. Using people • Reading discussion lists, Twitter and blogs • Attending SL and Real Life events • “I befriended avatars in SL of the people who I met and visited them on their islands to check out what they were doing” (I4 09/10) • Finding out who had done something (e.g. examining builds and land), contacting them • Using network of friends & professional networks inside and outside SL
  • 20. People sources • “Much of my information came from talking to people, asking questions, finding what they had done” (I3 07/08) • “People who had land already could give advice about what to look for when you are buying” (I5b 07/08) • “The social network retrieval of information here will be king despite good search tools” (I1a 07/08) • [best source] “probably, because like in real life, somebody who seems kind and friendly is usually the best source .. You don‟t feel silly asking for the help” (I9 08/09) • Negative as well as positive views of Second Life Educators List in 2008/9 Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 21. Varying strategies & channels • Rich mix of sources (see also example) “a wiki might give an example of a piece of code, but a blog may tell us a story of how the author came up with it” (I3 08/09) “if it‟s some kind of academic info need, then I might use my list first. If it‟s artefacts in SL then SL search and friends; and the web for „how to‟ stuff, background info, about people in SL” (I8 08/09) Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 22. Encountering information • “I teleported into Edunation at random, only to find a viewer setup right in front of me!” I20 08/09 • “another neighbour happened by, and she set up a motorcycle for sale for $0 on her land right behind me” I5 08/09 • “Oh my goodness!!!! Have I ever!” (bumped into info – I18) • (How did you feel) “Great! I was so excited!” “It was a bit of a serendipity moment” all I17 07/08 • “I tend not to meander around in SL, I generally just come in and out of it for specific purposes, and so wouldn‟t really bump into things in that way” I10 08/09 Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 23. Search for sculpture in SL (I16 2007/8) • Picture of sculptures on a blog • Visited the sculpture site in SL, examined details of sculptures, then of creator of sculpture • Googled name of sculptor • Asked SL friends about sculptor, searched/examined subject specific blogs and websites & art gallery in SL & interacted with new people in SL discovered through these channels • Bought sculpture Sheila Webber, 2010
  • 25. "An information literate person has a deep awareness, connection, and fluency with the information environment. Information literate people are engaged, enabled, enriched and embodied by social, procedural and physical information that constitutes an information universe. Information literacy is a way of knowing that universe." Lloyd (2004: 223)
  • 26. With thanks to the INf104 students and the interviewees
  • 27. Sheila Webber s.webber@shef.ac.uk http://information-literacy.blogspot.com/ Sheila Yoshikawa http://adventuresofyoshikawa.blogspot.com/ Powerpoint at: http://www.slideshare.net/sheilawebber/
  • 28. References • Ellis, D and Haugan, M. (1997) “Modelling the information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists in an industrial environment.” Journal of documentation, 53 (4), 384-403. • Erdelez, S. (1999) “Information encountering: it's more than just bumping into information.” Bulletin of the American Association for Information Science [Online], 25 (3), 25-29. http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Feb-99/erdelez.html • Lloyd, A (2004) “Working (in)formation: conceptualizing information literacy in the workplace” In Proceedings of 3rd International Life Long Learning Conference, 13-16 June. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University Press. 218- 224.
  • 29. References • Mon, Lorri. (2009). “Questions and Answers in a Virtual World : Educators and Librarians as Information Providers in Second Life.” Journal of Virtual Worlds Research, 2 (1). http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/article/view/398 • Ostrander, M. (2008) “Talking, looking, flying, searching: information seeking behaviour in Second Life.” Library Hi- Tech, 26 (4), 512-524. • Webber, S. (2010) “Investigating modes of student inquiry in Second Life as part of a blended approach.” International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments, 1 (3) [in press] • Wilson, T. (2000) “Human information behaviour.” Informing science, 3 (2), 49-55.