The document provides a history of how Silicon Valley emerged as a center for technological innovation, tracing key events and factors that contributed to its development. It notes how Stanford University and Fred Terman laid early foundations in the 1930s. Meanwhile, the region also saw artistic and countercultural movements in the mid-20th century that fostered an open and collaborative spirit unlike other tech hubs. This unique culture supported groundbreaking work at places like Fairchild, Xerox PARC, and Homebrew Computer Club that helped drive innovation in integrated circuits, personal computing, and the Internet in a grassroots way. The document suggests this unlikely pairing of tech progress and countercultural values is what allowed Silicon Valley to thrive where other regions
Roger Malina on A Historical Perspective on the Art-Sci-Tech fieldroger malina
Presentation given by Roger Malina on July 26 2014 at Kettle's Yard, Cambridge UK at
White Heat: art, science and
social responsibility in 1960s Britain
talk title is
The Leonardo Journal at 50_ networking the arts,sciences and technology now. The talk takes the person of Frank Malina, founder of Leonardo Journal as the springboard for a historical perspective
Information Literate behaviour in Second LifeSheila Webber
This was presented by Sheila Webber (Sheila Yoshikawa in SL) on Infolit iSchool in Second Life, the virtual world, on 18 March 2010 at an event that was part of the ESRC Festival of Social Science.
This one hour workshop was delivered as part of a series of lunchtime mobile sessions at the University of Sheffield. The session explored different apps that could be used to support fieldwork activities, these ools included Junaio, ARIS and Polleverywhere.
Roger Malina on A Historical Perspective on the Art-Sci-Tech fieldroger malina
Presentation given by Roger Malina on July 26 2014 at Kettle's Yard, Cambridge UK at
White Heat: art, science and
social responsibility in 1960s Britain
talk title is
The Leonardo Journal at 50_ networking the arts,sciences and technology now. The talk takes the person of Frank Malina, founder of Leonardo Journal as the springboard for a historical perspective
Information Literate behaviour in Second LifeSheila Webber
This was presented by Sheila Webber (Sheila Yoshikawa in SL) on Infolit iSchool in Second Life, the virtual world, on 18 March 2010 at an event that was part of the ESRC Festival of Social Science.
This one hour workshop was delivered as part of a series of lunchtime mobile sessions at the University of Sheffield. The session explored different apps that could be used to support fieldwork activities, these ools included Junaio, ARIS and Polleverywhere.
Art/Science Interaction - Case study: Silicon Valleypiero scaruffi
Presentation for the Alpbach Technology Forum of August 2014 on Art/Science and Silicon Valley. I keep updating my presentations on Silicon Valley at www.scaruffi.com/svhistory
Roger Malina Bogota the dark universe, making science intimateroger malina
roger malina presents arguments for our transition to a data culture which is data rich but meaning poor-presented at the Bogota Planetarium May 14 2016
From Cosmology to Neuroscience to Rock Music and backpiero scaruffi
The universe led to a brain that led to music that led to rock music that will lead to a different brain that will lead to a different planet that will lead to a different universe.
Art/Science Interaction - Case study: Silicon Valleypiero scaruffi
Presentation for the Alpbach Technology Forum of August 2014 on Art/Science and Silicon Valley. I keep updating my presentations on Silicon Valley at www.scaruffi.com/svhistory
Roger Malina Bogota the dark universe, making science intimateroger malina
roger malina presents arguments for our transition to a data culture which is data rich but meaning poor-presented at the Bogota Planetarium May 14 2016
From Cosmology to Neuroscience to Rock Music and backpiero scaruffi
The universe led to a brain that led to music that led to rock music that will lead to a different brain that will lead to a different planet that will lead to a different universe.
Intelligence is not Artificial - Stanford, June 2016piero scaruffi
A critical analysis of the state of A.I. and predictions about its realistic future. Based on the book of the same title, see http://www.scaruffi.com/singular/ where i keep updating these slides
Thinking about Thought - Theories of Brain Mind Consciusness - Part 6. Consciousness, Self, Free Will I keep updating these slides at http://www.scaruffi.com/ucb.html
Thinking about Thought - Theories of Brain Mind Consciusness - Part 5. Machine Intelligence; Physics I keep updating these slides at http://www.scaruffi.com/ucb.html
Thinking about Thought - Theories of Brain Mind Consciusness - Part 3: Language, Dreams, Emotions. I keep updating these slides http://www.scaruffi.com/ucb.html
Thinking about Thought - Theories of Brain Mind Consciusness - Part 1: Philosophy of Mind & Cognitive Psychology. I keep updating these slides at http://www.scaruffi.com/ucb.html
A brief history of the notion of the Singularity, why some think it is coming soon, why some disagree, and why some are afraid of it. This is a very old presentation. See the updated one at www.scaruffi.com/singular
Artificial intelligence and the Singularity - History, Trends and Reality Checkpiero scaruffi
A lecture given at the second LAST festival (www.lastfestival.org) by Piero Scaruffi on Artificial intelligence and the Singularity - History, Trends and Reality Check. This is a very old presentation. See the updated one at www.scaruffi.com/singular
History of Thought - Part 6: The Modern Agepiero scaruffi
History of Thought - Part 6: The Modern Age. for UC Berkeley lectures (2014) - Excerpted from "A Brief History of Knowledge" http://www.scaruffi.com/know/history.html . I keep updating this presentation at http://www.scaruffi.com/univ/slideshot.html
History of Thought - Part 5: The Victorian Agepiero scaruffi
History of Thought - Part 5: The Victorian Age. for UC Berkeley lectures (2014) - Excerpted from "A Brief History of Knowledge" http://www.scaruffi.com/know/history.html I keep updating this presentation at http://www.scaruffi.com/univ/slideshot.html
History of Thought - Part 4 from the Renaissance to the Industrial REvolutionpiero scaruffi
History of Thought - Part 4 from the Renaissance to the Industrial REvolution for UC Berkeley lectures (2014) - Excerpted from "A Brief History of Knowledge" http://www.scaruffi.com/know/history.html I keep updating this presentation at http://www.scaruffi.com/univ/slideshot.html
History of Thought - Part 3 - From Rome to the Middle Agespiero scaruffi
"History of Thought - Part 3 - From Rome to the Middle Ages" for UC Berkeley lectures (2014) - Excerpted from "A Brief History of Knowledge" http://www.scaruffi.com/know/history.html I keep updating this presentation at http://www.scaruffi.com/univ/slideshot.html
History of Thought - Part 3 - From Rome to the Middle Ages
Ucla2013
1. Leonardo Art Science Evening Rendezvous
since january 2008
www.scaruffi.com/leonardo1
2. Leonardo Art/Science Evening Rendezvous
Since January 2008
usfcalendar.usfca.edu (LASER)
events.stanford.edu (LASER)
www.nasonline.org (DASER)
http://dma.ucla.edu (LASER)
www.unex.berkeley.edu (LASER)
www.leonardo.info
2
3. Bay Area LASERs of 2013
www.lasertalks.com
• 14 january
• 6 february
• 11 march
• 4 april
• 13 may
• 6 june • 5 june
• 8 july
• 8 august • 7 august
• 9 september
• 10 october • 9 october
• 4 november
• 12 december • 11 december
If you are not on the Art/Science mailing lists, email
3
p@scaruffi.com (piero scaruffi)
4. Leonardo Art/Science Evenings
March 11, 2013
• Terry Berlier (Artist) on her “Where the
beginning meets the end”
• Curt Frank (Stanford) on "Historical
Pigments: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly"
• Deborah Gordon (Stanford) on "Anternet:
How ant colonies use interaction networks"
• Katharine Hawthorne (Choreographer) on
“Choreography as Research”
If you are not on the Art/Science mailing lists, email
4
p@scaruffi.com (piero scaruffi)
5. Leonardo Art/Science Evenings
April 4, 2013
• Jesse Houlding (Visual Artist) on
"Phenomena as material"
• Chris McKay (NASA) on "The Curiosity
Mars Mission"
• Vijaya Nagarajan (USF) on "Embedded
Mathematics in Women's Ritual Art Designs
in southern India"
• Niki Ulehla (Puppet Maker) on "Marionettes,
forms and relationships"
If you are not on the Art/Science mailing lists, email
5
p@scaruffi.com (piero scaruffi)
6. At the National Academy of Sciences
March 21, 2013
oHali Felt, Author of Soundings
oKevin Finneran, Director, Committee on Science,
Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP)
oConnie Imboden, Photographer
oHeather Spence, Marine Biologist
Organizer:
JD Talasek
http://www.cpnas.org/events/daser-032113.html6
7. Los Angeles LASERs
Imagining Nature
Thu, March-07-2013
Speaking Your Mind
Organizer: Thu, April-18-2013
Victoria Vesna
Space and Place
Thu, May-09-2013
http://artsci.ucla.edu/?q=laser
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8. LASERs of 2013
UC Berkeley New York
USF
Stanford
Washington
UCLA
San Francisco: Jan 2008
Silicon Valley: Feb 2009
Washington: Mar 2011
New York: Sep 2011
UCLA: Jan 2013 8
Berkeley: Jun 2013
9. A History of Silicon Valley
The Greatest Creation of Wealth in History
(a moral tale)
10. How it all Started
• 1891: Leland Stanford
• 1930s: Fred Terman
• 1956: Bill Shockley
10
11. Culture
• Artistic renaissance
– 1907: Frederick Meyer (founder,
California College of the Arts and
Crafts, 1907)
– 1913: Ralph Stackpole (founder,
California Society of Etchers/
California School of Fine Arts)
– 1921: Ansel Adams’ photographs of
Yosemite
11
12. Culture
• Artistic renaissance
– 1935: the San Francisco Museum of Art, the
second museum in the USA devoted
exclusively to modern art
– 1939: Villa Montalvo’s artist residency
program, the first one in the Western United
States
– 1946: Frank Stauffacher’s "Art in Cinema" at
the Museum of Art, the first time in the USA
that an art museum presented a series of
experimental films
12
13. Musical renaissance
• Henry Cowell
– Atonality, non-Western modes,
percussion ensembles, chance
– The first electronic rhythm machine
(1930)
• Lou Harrison (studied with Cowell)
– Chinese opera, Native-American folk,
jazz, gamelan…
• John Cage too studied with Cowell…
13
14. Meanwhile elsewhere…
• The automated office:
– typewriters (a field dominated by Remington
Rand),
– adding machines (a field dominated by
Burroughs),
– tabulating machines (a field dominated by
IBM)
– cash registers (a field dominated by NCR)
• Midwest and East Coast industries dominate office
automation
14
15. Meanwhile elsewhere…
• Main centers for research on electronic
computing:
– Boston (Harvard and MIT),
– Philadelphia (Moore School of Electrical
Engineering, BRL),
– New Jersey (Bell Labs, Princeton, RCA Labs),
– New York (Columbia and IBM)
– and Europe
15
17. Culture
• The “beats”
• Eastern philosophy
• 1951: Zen apostle Alan Watts
moves to San Francisco
• 1952: the literary magazine titled
“City Lights” and the first all-
paperback bookstore in the USA
• 1955: Allen Ginsberg‘s recitation
of his poem “Howl”
• 1956: Jack Kerouac moves to San
Francisco 17
18. Society
• Esalen Institute at Big Sur (1962)
• Free Speech Movement (1964)
• Ken Kesey’s “Merry Pranksters”
• First hippie festival (1965)
• The "Summer of Love" (1966)
• Black Panther Party (1966)
• Monterey’s rock festival (1967)
• Stewart Brand’s "Whole Earth Catalog“ (1968)
• The first “Earth Day” is held in San Francisco
(1970)
• Gay Pride Parade (1970)
18
20. Integrated Circuits
• Fairchild spinoffs: Amelco (Jean Hoerni),
Molectro (James Nall), General
Microelectronics (Don Farina), Intersil
(Jean Hoerni); AMD (Jerry Sanders ), etc
• Texas Instruments, Motorola and RCA do
not spawn a similar genealogical tree of
semiconductor startups
• A commune
20
21. High-tech Creativity
• SRI
– Doug Engelbart’s NLS (1968): a
graphical user interface and a
hypertext system running on the
first computer equipped with a
mouse and connected to a remote
computer (9 Dec 1968)
– Not artificial intelligence but
augmented intelligence
21
22. High-tech Creativity
• Xerox PARC (1970) :
– Alan Kay’s Dynabook and
Smalltalk
– Not faster computation but better
interaction
– Casual, informal and egalitarian
workplace
– The equivalent for a workplace of
the alternative lifestyle preached
by the hippies
22
23. The Home Computer
• The Homebrew Computer Club
(1975)
• Another Bay Area community of
counterculture
• Journalists and store owners are
the real visionaries
23
24. Unix
• Unix ethics and philosophy a good match
for the Bay Area’s utopian ideology
• A technology ignored by the big computer
manufacturers and left in the hands of a
community of eccentric independents
24
25. The Internet
• Just like the personal computer and the
Unix, the Internet too was largely shaped by
a community of eccentric independents
• The consumer is the producer
• E-mail itself is a user invention, never
planned by the Arpanet's bureaucracy
25
26. Homework for you
Why did it happen here and not elsewhere, and why
it is still not happening anywhere else?
26