2. RADIATION
Radiation is energy that comes from a source
and travels through space and may be able to
penetrate various materials
3. DENTAL
RADIOGRAPHS
Type Of An Image Of The Oral Cavity Which Results
From Penetration Of A High Energy Electromagnetic
Radiation Through Dense Body Structures To Form
An Image On A Dental Film
4. MEASURING UNIT
The
scientific unit of measurement for radiation dose,
commonly referred to as effective dose, is the
microsievert per hour (mSv/hour)
Intraoral x-ray= 0.005 mSv
22. 9/29/2013 FJDC&H 22
TYPE OF
ENCOUNTER
CHILD
(PRIMARY
DENTITION)
CHILD
(TRANSITION
AL
DENTITION)
ADOLESCENT
(PERM.
DENTITION)
ADULT,
DENTATE OR
PARTIALLY
EDENTULOUS
ADULT
EDENTULOUS
NEW PATIENT Periapical/
occlusal or
post. bitewing
Post. Bitewing
with either
OPG or
periapical
Post. Bitewing
with OPG
(same) Based on
clinical signs
& symptoms
RECALLED
PATIENT (with
clinical caries
or inc.caries
risk)
Post. Bitewing
at 6-12mons
interval
(same) (same) Post. Bitewing
at 6-18mons
interval
_
RECALLED
PATIENT (with
no clinical
caries or inc.
caries risk
Post. Bitewing
at 12-24mon
interval
(same) Post. Bitewing
at 18-36mon
interval
Post. Bitewing
at 24-36mon
interval
_
23. RECALL ED
PATIENT
(periodontal
disease)
Clinical
judgement/
periapical/
bitewing
(same) (same) (same) _
Patient for
monitoring
dentofacial
growth/
dento skeletal
relationship
Clinical
judgement
(same) Clinical
judgement/
panoramic/
periapical
Usually not
indicated
(same)
Pt. with
implants,
other
dentofacial
pathoses,
restorative/en
dodontic
needs,
Clinical
judgement
(same) (same) (same) (same)
9/29/2013 FJDC&H 23
24. RADIATION PROTECTION
• Use of proper
exposure and
processing techniques
• Patients should be
shielded with lead
aprons and thyroid
shields.
• These shields should
have at least 0.5 mm
of lead equivalent.
• Film badges
27. SIZES
• Various sizes available, although only three are
usually used routinely:
• For periapical & bitewings
31 X 41 mm
22 X 35 mm
• For occlusal
57 X 76 mm
30. BITEWING
• So called because patient closes the teeth
together biting on a wing of card projecting
from the tube side of the film
• Demonstrates occlusal surfaces,inter proximal
surfaces of enamel,enamel-dentine junction &
the bone levels surrounding the tooth
• Used for pre-molars,molars
• indications:DC,assessment of fillings &
crown,periodontology
31.
32.
33. OCCLUSAL
• Utilize the largest intra oral film (6 X 8cm)
• Various projections
• Maxillary occlusal projections
-Upper standard
-Upper oblique standard
• Mandibular occlusal projections
-lower 90 degree occlusal
-lower 45 degree occlusal
-lower oblique occlusal
36. INDICATIONS
• Detection of apical infection
• Assessment of periodontal status
• After trauma to teeth & associated alveolar
bone
• Assessment of root morphology before
extraction
• During endodontics
• Detailed evaluation of apical cyst & other
lesion within the bone
• Evaluation of implants postoperatively
53. • Dental radiographs produced with
a special computer create digital
images (computerized dental
radiographs) that can be displayed
and enhanced on the computer
monitor.
• It involves the use of a radiography
machine like that used for
conventional xrays. But instead of
using films, the clinician makes
digital images using a small
electronic sensor or an image
receptor placed in mouth to
capture the image.
57. ADVANTAGES
• requires 50-80% dose reduction
• No films,no dark room,no chemical are needed
• No lead foil waste generated
• Digital images can be magnified
• Friendly
DISADVANTAGES
• Cost
• Infection control
58. CORRECT TERMINOLOGY
• One examines a radiograph and not an x-ray,
bear in mind that xray cannot be seen
• One does not see infection at the apex of a
tooth—radiolucency/opacity
• Periodontal bone loss is not periodontitis
• In radiologic terminology PA is a postero-
anterior view
59. COMMON QUESTIONS ASKED BY A PT
• Are regular scans and xrays necessary?
• If the period of time between them
could be lengthened?
• Are dental x-rays safe for a pregnant
women?
• Estimated risk for cancer?
60. REFERENCES
• Essentials of Dental Radiography &
Radiology ERIC WHAITES (by
Roderick Cawson)
• Images from GOOGLE
61. THANKYOU
I'm always amazed to hear of air crash victims so
badly mutilated that they have to be identified by
their dental records. What I can't understand is, if
they don't know who you are, how do they know
who your dentist is?
-Paul Merton
Editor's Notes
Dental radiographic examinations require exposureto very low levels of radiation, which makesthe risk of potentially harmful effects extremelysmall.-Dental radiographic equipment and techniquesare designed to limit the body’s exposure to radiation.-A couple of steps can limit the area exposedduring any dental radiographic examination:dlimiting the size of the radiographic beam toapproximately the size of the film or sensor beingused;dusing a leaded apron and thyroid shield (most X-rays are stopped by lead).
