Irrigation system of Pakistan, Irrigation water application techniques

1. AGR-111
Lecture
Irrigation systems of Pakistan
By: Dr Ghulam Abbas Shah

2. Irrigation: Artificial application of water to the land

3. Irrigation systems in Pakistan
1. Main intake structure
and pumping station
2. Conveyance and
distribution system
3. Field application
system
4. Drainage system

4. 1. Main intake structure and pumping station
• Rivers
• Lakes
• Dam
• Barrage
Annual flow of the
rivers is 142 MAF

5. 1. Main intake structure and pumping station
Tube well
Annual water flow is 33 MAF
Barrage

6. 2. Conveyance and distribution system
• Canals
• Distributaries
• Minor
• Field water course

7. 2. Conveyance and distribution system
Canals
Irrigation canal Link Canal

8. 2. Conveyance and distribution system
Distributaries and minors

9. 2. Conveyance and distribution system
• Distributaries
• Field water
course

10. 3. Field application system
I. Surface irrigation
II. Subsurface irrigation
III. Sprinkler irrigation
IV. Drip irrigation

11. I. Surface Irrigation
Application of water to the field at ground level.
a) Basin irrigation
b) Furrow irrigation
c) Border irrigation

12. I. Surface Irrigation
a) Basin irrigation
Basins are horizontal, flat plots of land, surrounded by small dykes or bunds.
Peppers

13. a) Basin Irrigation for wheat

14. I. Surface Irrigation
b) Furrow irrigation
Furrow are narrow ditches dug on the field between the rows of crops.

15. Furrow irrigation by opening the bank or dyke of the ditch
Tomatoes

16. Furrow irrigation by opening the bank or dyke of the ditch
Lettuce

17. Furrow irrigation by means of syphons
Maize

18. Furrow irrigation by means of syphons

19. Furrow irrigation by means of spiles

20. Furrow irrigation by means of perforated pipes
Sugarcane

21. c)

22. i. Straight border irrigation

23. ii. Contour border irrigation

24. ii. Contour border

25. II. Subsurface Irrigation
In subsurface irrigation water is applied to a series of field ditches deep into soil surface.

26. II. Subsurface Irrigation
Cotton

27. III. Sprinkler Irrigation
With sprinkler irrigation, artificial rainfall is created.

28. III. Sprinkler Irrigation
Single gun sprinkler

29. III. Sprinkler Irrigation
Rotating sprinkler

30. III. Sprinkler Irrigation
Several rotating sprinkler heads

31. IV. Drip Irrigation
non-return valve

32. IV. Drip Irrigation

33. IV. Drip Irrigation
Maize Apple trees