The document summarizes key events in Canadian history from 1869 to 1885, including the Red River Resistance, creation of Manitoba, signing of treaties with First Nations, construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, North-West Rebellion, and implementation of policies like the Indian Act that negatively impacted Indigenous peoples. It discusses the sale of Rupert's Land to Canada, resistance by the Metis population due to lack of consultation, and tensions over land and resource rights between Indigenous groups and the Canadian government.

1. Grade 8 History

2. Red River Resistance 1869 Rupert’s Land (North Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, South Alberta, NWT, Nunavut) sold by HBC to Canadian government for $ 1 500 000.00 PM John A Macdonald appointed William McDougall lieutenant-governor: sent to establish new government in Red River

3. Rupert’s Land

4. Who was affected? No one consulted residents of area Who were residents of area?

5. Metis predicted that: traditional way of life destroyed land would be divided into lots, sold to settlers, farms, fences bison hunt?

7. Louis Riel leader of Métis at age 25, provisional government “Metis List of Demands” prevented McDougall from entering territory, executed Scott Manitoba became a province - “Manitoba Act” What were similarities/differences between “Metis List of Demands” and “Manitoba Act”?

8. Division of Land Metis land traditionally divided like seigneuries, like in New France: long, narrow lots, access to neighbours, water Canadian government preferred British grid system Divided existing properties

9. Seigneuries

10. Grid System

11. Land Use Conflicts Native view of land: Great Spirit give to them to care for, take what’s needed for survival Settlers’ view of land: own plots of land, fence, farm, use for own purposes

12. Treaties First Nations gave up land Government provided: reserves fish/hunt on reserves annual compensation supply farming tools/seeds/livestock/farming education schools

13. Problems with Treaties Treaties not written in Natives’ languages taken as sacred agreements threat to end up with nothing Were both sides treated fairly in creating treaties?

14. Life for Natives Winter of 1883-1884, 10% of Native population on Prairies died of starvation Causes?

15. Indian Act 1876 full-blooded reserves wards of state, no voting, no alcohol (led to residential schools) women married and lost status, men married and gained status selling timber Canadian, not traditional court Canadian citizenship OR Indian Status

16. Art from 1995

17. Was the Indian Act fair? seen as less than human? 1985 - keep status when married 2003 - recognized Metis 2008 - apologies for residential schools

18. Increasing the Population in the West 1870s, 6% of Canada’s population CPR Immigration Act Dominion Lands Act

19. Canadian Pacific Railway expansion of settlement to Prairies efficient transportation, supplies in, farm products out symbol of Canadian unity

21. CPR Scandal Macdonald offered free land, financial help Sir Hugh Allan contract to build railway - donation to Macdonald’s Conservative election campaign ($360 000) Bribe? Macdonald lost election 2 years later to Alexander Mackenzie

22. Immigration Act 1869 keep contagious disease out quarantine limits to numbers on ships must have passenger list

23. Dominion Lands Act 1872 townships of 36 sections 2 HBC 2 school 16 railway construction rental/sales 16 homesteads

25. Homesteads $10 per family farm in 3 years

26. Homesteading wasn’t for everyone Metis (equipment) government gave away land squatting on own property “Road Allowance People”

27. National Policy 1878 “National Policy”, Macdonald wins again (and three following elections) higher taxes for manufactured imported goods lower tax on imported raw materials (jobs in factories) 1990s - Free Trade

28. Railway Back in Action No more Hugh Allan 5 summers to build (completed in 1885) William Van Horne appointed General Manager, supervised transportation of goods visible symbol of separation from US

31. Chinese Railway Workers dangerous, nitroglycerine accidents, falling rocks crowded living conditions poor diet lack of medical care weather white workers $1.50-2.50/day, Chinese workers $1/day government sent them back, “Head Tax”

35. North West Rebellion Metis in Saskatchewan, bison disappearing, starvation sent petitions to Ottawa - secure title for land, agricultural aid, schools, local police Ottawa ignored Riel comes back, forms second provisional government

37. Macdonald’s Advantages fight right away North West Mounted Police formed, officers ready CPR almost complete - mobilization of troops

38. Riel appointed Gabriel Dumont as military commander guerrilla tactics - ambush, surprise attack

39. Events of the NW Rebellion miniature re-enactments in groups of 2-3