A simple pendulum consists of a bob suspended by a string from a fixed point, allowing it to swing freely. It undergoes periodic oscillations, moving back and forth between two extreme positions with its center point as the equilibrium position. The length of the string and mass of the bob are used to determine characteristics like the period of oscillation, which is the time taken for one complete oscillation, and the frequency, which is the number of oscillations per second.

2. SIMPLE PENDULUM……..

3. ………..Simple……….
Pendulum…………..

5. Simple Pendulum………..
Consists of a metal ball
(bob) which is suspended freely
from a fixed point using an
inelastic string.

6. A SIMPLE PENDULUM
 A string with a mass at the
end which is free to swing is
called a pendulum.

7. Simple Diagram……….

8. TERMS……………..
 Length
 Mass of bob
 Oscillations
 Equilibrium Position
 Amplitude
 Period
 Frequency

9. LENGTH OF THE PENDULUM
 The length of the
string from the point
of suspension to the
mass is called the
length of the
pendulum.
 It is denoted by L

10. MASS OF THE BOB
 A metal ball is used as
the bob of the
pendulum.
 Its mass can be
measured by a common
balance

11. PERIODIC MOTION
 The motion which
repeats itself after fixed
time intervals is called
periodic motion
The best example of periodic motion are the pendulum clocks.

12. TO AND FRO MOTION
 The ball moves to and
fro. It rises to extreme
positions on both sides
and reverses its motion
 Oscillations gradually
die down

13. MEAN POSITION OF THE PENDULUM
 The central position of
the pendulum (the
starting position) is
called the mean position
of the pendulum.
 It is labeled here as B.

14. EXTREME POSITIONS OF THE PENDULUM
 A and C are the extreme positions of the pendulum.

15. OSCILLATION
 To and fro motion of the
pendulum about a fixed
point
 The motion of the mass
from its extreme position A
to C and back to A is called
an oscillation.

16. TIME TAKEN FOR ONE OSCILLATION
 The time taken for one oscillation is very short and
therefore, difficult to measure accurately.
 To find the time taken, we find the time taken for large
number say 20 oscillations. This time divided by 20
will give us time taken for one oscillation.

17. PERIOD (T)
 The time taken for one complete oscillation.
 It is sometimes also called its period and is denoted
by T.
 T= time taken for a fixed no: of oscillatins ÷ No of
oscillations
 T = t/n
n = no of oscillations

18. Amplitude (a)
 The maximum
displacement of the bob
from the equilibrium
position
 Here amplitude is AB or
BC
 Represented by ‘a’

19. Frequency (f )
 No: of Oscillations in one second
 Represented by ‘ f ’
 Frequency , f = 1 ÷ period = 1 ÷ T
 f = n ÷ t

20. A Sample
Video……………