The document discusses the concept of a simple pendulum, originally discovered by Galileo Galilei, and its fundamental properties including components, oscillation, and motion characteristics. It emphasizes key terms such as amplitude, effective length, time period, and frequency, alongside the equations governing the pendulum's behavior. Lastly, it highlights factors affecting the time period of a pendulum's oscillation.

1. Simple
pendulum
–
SINGH
DHADA
Karamveer kaur

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all these individuals for
monitoring and supporting me in completing this project
My teacher Mr Rohan for providing me with individual insight and direction
Our principal for fostering an environment of learning and creativity within
our school
I grateful to my friends and parents who contribute ideas and perspectives
that enriched the project
Thank you everyone for shaping this project and enhancing my learning
experience.

3. DISCOVERY OF
PENDULUM
• It discovered by GALELIO
GALILEI
• Italian scientist. Study on the
Properties of pendulum

4. DEFINITION OF
SIMPLE PENDULUM
• An ideal pendulum consisting of a point
mass suspended by a weightless
inextensible perfectly flexible thread and
free to vibrate without friction.
• Components of pendulum
• Bob
• Sting/rod
• Pivot point

5. Oscillation
• Any to and fro motion performed by the
pendulum in a periodic movement and when
the pendulum is at its central position

6. Frequency
The number of oscillations completed in one
second by a simple pendulum is called its
frequency the SI unit of frequency is her.tz.
Which is denoted by symbol Hz.. One hertz is
equal to one oscillation per second

7. The pendulum ‘s motion
• Oscillatory motion – the
pendulum exhibits periodic
motion, Swinging to and fro in a
regular path
• Restoring force –Gravity acts as
the restoring force, pulling the
pendulum back to its equilibrium
position

8. Some important terms
• Amplitude – the maximum displacement of the
Bob from its mean position on either side is
called amplitude
• Effective length of pendulum-the length of thread
from point of suspension to the centre of Bob is
called length of pendulum
• Oscillation- 1onecomplete to and fro motion of
the pendulum Bob is called an oscillation
• Time period the time taken by Bob to complete
one oscillation is called time period
• Frequency number of oscillation completed in
one second by a simple pendulum is called
frequency

9. Application of simple pendulum

10. Equation of
motion
Periods(T) the time taken for one
complete cycle(T=2/pi/sqrt(frac(L)-(g)) )
(L) Length of the string
(g) Acceleration due to gravity
Frequency=1/Time period or f= 1/T

11. Factory affecting the time period
• The time period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of
its lengthT= L
√
• The time period of oscillation is inversely proportional to the square root of
acceleration due to gravity ie- T=1/ g
√
• The time period of a simple pendulum does not depend on Bob mass,nature of
materialof Bob, amplitude of oscillation.

12. Bibliography
• Text book classIX physics
• www.YouTube.com
• www.byjus.com
• www.google.com