This document summarizes different patterns of inheritance that do not follow Mendel's laws, including incomplete dominance, codominance, sex determination, and sex-linked traits. It provides examples for incomplete dominance where a cross between different phenotypes produces a third phenotype that is a blend of the parents. For codominance, both alleles contribute simultaneously to produce a third phenotype showing both parental traits together. It also describes sex determination by sex chromosomes and how traits on the X chromosome, like color blindness, are sex-linked and follow different inheritance patterns than traits on autosomes.