circuits, conductors and insulators and types of electricity.

1. HOW DO WE USE ELECTRICITY
AND MAGNETISM? (PART 1)
Chapter 12: Lesson 5:

2. WHAT IS MATTER?
Matter is everything around us that has mass
and volume
Recap
WHAT IS MATTER MADE OF?
Matter is made of very small building blocks
called ‘ATOMS’

3. WHAT ARE ATOMS?
•Smallest part of any matter
•Cannot be seen with a normal microscope (use
electron microscope)
• Example:
Oxygen
Carbon
N.B. Water (H₂O)is made of 1 atom of oxygen and 2
atoms of hydrogen)

4. WHAT DO ATOMS LOOK LIKE?

5. ATOMS…
•Have neutrons, protons, and electrons.
•Protons are positively (+) charged
•Electrons are negatively (-) charged

6. Positive and Negative
Charge
Opposites charges attract
Same charges repel

7. STATIC ELECTRICITY
•The build up of an electric charge on the
surface of an object.
•The charge builds up but does not flow.
• Static electricity does not move. It is stored.

8. EXAMPLES OF
STATIC
ELECTRICITY

9. 1) BALLOON EXPERIMENT
Try rubbing a balloon
against a wool cloth
Place the balloon
over anybody’s hair
and watch what
happens

10. When we rub the
balloon against a
wool cloth, the
balloon gains a
negative charge (-)
The (-) charge in the
balloon attracts the
(+) charge in the hair
causing the hair to
stand.
EXPLANATION

11. 2) COMB EXPERIMENT
Try rubbing a comb
against a wool cloth
The comb will gain
a negative charge
Bring the comb near some pieces of paper

12. Initially the paper is uncharged, but
the comb attracts the positive
charges in the paper and repels the
negative charges.

13. Rubbing of rain drops
and ice inside a
storm cloud
When the (-) charges
get large enough they
jump to the ground as
lightning.9
3) LIGHTNING
(IS CAUSED BY)

14. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(CURRENT ELECTRICITY)
•A flow of electrical charges through a circuit.
(Circuit is a path along which electric current
flows)

15. Circuits should have 3 parts
Power source
Battery (cell)
Load
Bulb / Motor
Connectors
Wires
Power source
Load
Connectors

16. Types of circuits
Open circuits
Broken circuits
(Incomplete)
Closed circuits
Unbroken circuits
(Complete)

17. CIRCUITS’ SYMBOLS:
1) Battery

18. 2) Bulb

19. 3) Wires
(A straight line)

20. 4) Switch (off)

21. 5) Switch (on)

22. 6) Motor
7) Buzzer

23. SERIES AND PARALLEL
CIRCUITS

24. SERIES CIRCUIT
• Series circuit - has only one path through which the
electricity can flow.
• In the above diagram, the electricity flows through
both loads.

26. PARALLEL CIRCUITS
• A parallel circuit has multiple paths through which the electricity
can flow.
• In a parallel circuit, the current though one path may be different
than the current through the other path.

27. PARALLEL CIRCUIT
• Place two bulbs in parallel. What do you notice about the brightness of the bulbs?
• Add a third light bulb in the circuit. What do you notice about the brightness of the
bulbs?
• Remove the middle bulb from the circuit. What happened?

28. SIMPLE CIRCUITS
• Series circuit
• All in a row
• 1 path for electricity
• 1 light goes out and
the circuit is broken
• Parallel circuit
• Many paths for electricity
• 1 light goes out and the
others stay on

29. Conductors and Insulators
A conductor is a substance through which electric charge flows
readily.
An insulator is a substance that strongly resists the flow of electric
charge.