This document defines supervision and outlines its history, scope, techniques, and functions. Supervision is defined as watching over, managing, and guiding instruction to improve the teaching-learning process. Historically, supervision began in England in the 1800s and was modeled after western practices in the Philippines. The scope of supervision includes activities like evaluating programs, observing classrooms, holding teacher meetings, and demonstrating teaching methods. The major functions are inspecting teaching, researching problems, training teachers, guiding instruction, and evaluating outcomes to improve education.

1. Supervision in
Instruction

2. Meaning, Scope and
Function of
Supervision
IE 504
RaEmmIl F. Nulada

3. Meaning of
Supervision

4. Supervision Defined
- to supervise
- to watch over, look after,
manage, regulate direct govern,
guide, administer

5. -an improvement of the total
teaching-learning situation
and conditions that affect
them (1966)
-a process of scanning a text for
errors or deviations from the
original material(Smyth in
Sullivan and Glanz 2000)

6. History of
Supervision• Originated in England in 1800
• In the Philippine setting, it is
patterned in the west
–In 1863 a Royal Education Degree was
signed and supervision was placed
under two councils or junta; the Junta
de Gobierno and the Junta
Administradora del Material de
Escuelas

7. other definitions of
Supervision
• “an active technical service primarily
concerned with studying and improving
conditions that surround learning and
pupils growth” –Barr, Burton and
Brueckner
• “relates to the instructional phase of
school plan and activities” –Melchoir
• “to supervise, criticize, to evaluate, to
appraise or to praise” –Crow and Crow

8. …additional definitions
of supervision gives
emphasis on the
different aspect such
as….

9. Emphasis on
Administration
…supervision is what school
personnel do with adults and things
to maintain or change the operation
of the school in order to directly
influence the attainment of major
instruction goals (Harris and Bessent
1969)

10. Emphasis on Instruction
…is directed toward both
maintaining and improving
the teaching-learning
process of the school
(Harris 1975)

11. Emphasis on Curriculum
…revisions denotes activities like the
writing and revisions of the
curriculum, the preparation of units
and materials of instruction…and
such concerns are evaluation of the
total educational program

12. Emphasis on Leadership
…teaching teachers how to
teach and professional
leadership to reformulate
public education

13. Emphasis on Human
Relations
…assumed to be an additional
behavior system…interacting
with the total behavior
system…to improve
actualizations of learning
opportunities for the students
(Wiles and Lovell)

14. Emphasis on Evaluation
…supervisors are regularly
involved in evaluation
through assessment of
programs, processes and
people (Wiles and Bondi)

15. Scope of
Supervision

16. Activities under Supervision by
Barr, Burton and Brueckner
1. Survey of the school system
2. The direct improvement of
Classroom Teaching
3. The General Improvement of
Teachers –in-Service
4. Organizing Programs of
Cooperative Activity

17. 5. The Development and Maintenance
of Morale, or de Corps
6. The Selection and Organization of the
Materials of Instruction
7. Experimental Study of the Problems
of Teaching
8. Determining the desirable Physical
Conditions of Learning
9. Performance of Professional and
Semi-Administrative Duties

18. Techniques under
Supervision
by Gist1. Teacher Diagnosis
2. Pupil Diagnosis
3. Diagnosis of Curricular Offerings
4. Survey of Methods in
Instruction
5. Budgeting of Time in Supervision
6. Classroom Visitation

19. Techniques under
Supervision
7. Teacher’s Meeting and
Conference
8. Demonstration Teaching
9. Teacher-Pupil Relationship
10.Evaluation of Supervision

20. Major Functions of
Supervision

21. A. Inspect
Formulate a plan to
remedy a weakness and
pass it on to teachers to be
applied…

22. B. Research
Make a survey I order to
discover problems and
classify them into major or
minor issues and/or
concerns….

23. C. Training
Acquainting teachers to
the solution thru
demonstrations, seminars,
workshops etc…

24. D. Guidance
to stimulate, direct, guide
and encourage teachers to
apply them thru instruction
and instructional
materials…

25. E. Evaluation
to appraise the outcomes
and factors affecting such
to improve the …products
and processes of
instruction

26. Other
Functions
of Supervision

27. F. Studying the Teaching-
Learning Situation
G. Improving the Teaching-
Learning Situation
H. Evaluating the means,
methods and outcomes of
supervision

28. FIN