timber and wood all everthing on timber a full fledge project.

1. TIMBER
&
WOOD

2. 
 Timber is wood that has been processed
into beams and planks, a stage in the process
of wood production. Timber may be supplied either
rough-sawn, or surfaced on one or more of its faces.
Besides pulpwood, rough Timber is the raw material
for furniture-making and other items requiring
additional cutting and shaping. It is available in
many species, usually hardwoods; but it is also
readily available in softwoods, such as white
pine and red pine, because of their low cost.
Timber

3. 
 Plain sawn- A log sawn through without adjusting
the position of the log and the grain runs across the
width of the boards.
 Quarter sawn and rift sawn—These terms have been
confused in history but generally mean lumber sawn
so the annual rings are reasonably perpendicular to
the sides (not edges) of the lumber.
 Boxed heart—The pith remains within the piece with
some allowance for exposure.
Conversion of wood logs

4. • Boxed heart—The pith remains within the piece with
some allowance for exposure.
• Heart center—the center core of a log.
• Free of heart center (FOHC)—A side-cut timber
without any pith.

5. 
 Square and rectangular
forms: Plank, slat, batten, board, lath, strapping , cant
A partially sawn log such as sawn on two sides or
squared to a large size and later resawn into Timber.
 A flitch is a type of cant with wane on one or both
sides. Various pieces are also known by their uses
such as post, beam, stud, rafter, joist, sill plate, wall
plate.
 Rod forms: pole, (dowel), stick (staff, baton)
Various pieces and cuts

6. 
 Colour : yellowish Brown
 Price : 350 Rs. Per Square Meter
 Density : 595 Kg/m³
 Location : Maharashtra , Andhra Pradesh ,
Tamil Nadu , Karnataka, Kerala
 Features : Elastic, Closed Grained, Strong
 Uses : Building Construction , Structural Work,
Making Furnitures , Good For Under Water.
Aini Or Anjili Tree

7. AINI OR ANJILI TREE

8. 
 Colour : Dark Brown
 Price : 550 Rs. Per Square Meter
 Density : 870 kg/m³
 Location : Central India
 Features : It is heavy and strong.
 Uses : It has such uses as beams, rafters, and posts.
ARJUN TREE

9. ARJUN TREE

10. 
 Colour : Whitish red
 Price : 469 Rs. Per Square Meter
 Density : 835 kg/m³
 Location : Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh
 Features : It is strong, hard and tough and it takes up
a good polish.
 Uses : It is used for such products as bodies
and wheels of bullock cart, agricultural instruments,
tool handles, and well curbs.
Babul Tree

11. BABUL TREE

12. 
 Colour : Reddish brown
 Price : 780 Per Square Meter
 Density : 765 kg/m³
 Location : Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
 Feature : It grows straight. It is strong and fibrous.
 Uses : It is often used for scaffolding and posts for
temporary structures.
Casuarina Tree

13. CASURINA TREE

14. 
 Colour : Yellowish brown
 Price : 660 Rs. Per Square Meter
 Density : 560 kg/m³
 Location : Himalayas, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh
 Feature : It can be easily worked and it is
moderately strong.
 Uses : It is used for making cheap furniture, railway
carriages, railway sleepers, packing boxes, structural
work and so forth.
Deodar Tree

15. DEODAR TREE

16. 
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in
the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It
has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and
as a construction material. It is an organic material, a
natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong
in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists
compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the
secondary xylem in the stems of trees.
WOOD

17. 
 As one of the three types of SPF Lumber class
(Spruce, Pine and Fir) softwoods, pine is an
inexpensive, lightweight wood that makes great
furniture. Available readily in white or pale yellow
and in several varieties, pine is very easy to work
with.
 Pros: Low cost; Takes paint/stain well; Resists
shrinking and swelling
 Cons: Prone to scratches and dents
PINE

18. PINE TREE

19. 
 Another popular wood used in building furniture,
maple is available in both soft and hard forms.
Maple is harder as compared to other types of woods
and its fine texture and even grain also makes it
more stable.
 Pros: Ultra-durable; Dense; Distinct look; Resistant to
shocks and dents
 Cons: Tend to change colour; Humidity Issues
MAPLE

20. MAPLE TREE

21. 
 The most widely used hardwood, oak is distinctively
grained with the grain having beautiful prominent
rays to it. Durable and long-lasting, furniture made
from oak wood will look more traditional and
elegant, which explain why it is such popular choice
of hardwood.
 Pros: Resilient; Resistant to moisture; Unique;
Attractive
 Cons: Bulky; Expensive; Heavy; Prone to scratches;
Humidity Issues
OAK

22. OAK TREE

23. 
 Also known as fruitwood, cherry is an all-around
great wood that is easy to carve and polish, and ages
beautifully. With a hardness of 2 on a scale of 1 to 5,
this light to red-brown wood with closed, distinctive
grain, is a very common wood for furniture-making.
 Pros: Strong; Easily shaped; Resists warping;
Versatile
 Cons: Expensive
CHERRY

24. CHERRY TREE

25. 
 Varies from rich golden-yellow to dark brown, with
dark and light streaks, teak is becoming rarer these
days. With an oily feel and a golden-brown colour,
teak is synonymous with fine outdoor furniture. In
spite of its steep price tag, teak is valuable both for
its elegance and its durability.
 Pros: Strong; Durable; Highly weather-resistant
 Cons: Very expensive; Extremely heavy
TEAK

26. TEAK TREE

27. By : NASRIN KHATUN
EnRoll No. : A2180315079
Course : Materials and Applications