I see a red hat on my table and believe it is my red hat, justifying my belief through perception. However, the hat is actually my sister's, not mine. While my belief that my red hat is in my room is true, it is not knowledge since the hat I saw was not actually mine. This challenges Plato's view that knowledge is justified true belief, as my justified belief was not based on the true state of affairs.
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Gettier case
1. Gettier Case <br />I have a red hat which I really like. Today, I hang out with my friends and want to wear my red hat. I see a red hat on my table, so I know that my red hat is in my room. In other words, I have a justified belief that my red hat is in my room as I believe it is my red hat that is on my table and I can justify my belief by using ways of knowing, especially perception. However, the red hat on my table is actually not my red hat which I really like. It is my sister’s red hat that she just bought today. Since her red hat is very similar to mine, I misunderstand that it is mine. But my red hat is actually under the bed, so my red hat really is in my room as I believe. So, I can say I have knowledge that my hat is in my room, because I believe my red hat is in my room, I can justify my belief, and it is actually true that my red hat is in my room. However, although my red hat is really in my room, the red hat I recognize on my table is not my red hat. Although Plato stated that K=JTB, my knowledge is not the same as the truth because the red hat I see is not the same one as I think I see. Therefore, knowledge is sometimes not equal to justified true belief. <br />