4. Robert Abbe (American surgeon ): First used Ra after loading technique for treatment of cancer. 1910 :1st text-book of Radium therapy Wickham & Degrais . 1920-30s : major work in Paris “ Paris System ” 1930s : Meredith developed “Manchester System” 1934 :“ Paterson-Parker” History
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14. Radioactive sources: Past, present and future ? Yb169, Yu169, I125, Pd103, Yb169 P32 P32, Sr/Y90 Ir192 -- Intra vascular --- Cardiac stents— Catheter based cardiac— Catheter based peripheral - Au198, Cs131 I125, Pd103 Au198 I125 , Pd103 Rn222 -- Permanent implant – Conventional dose-rate- Ultra low dose rate-- -- I125, Pd103,Yb169 Yb169, Ir192 Cs137 Ir192 Ir192 Ra226 --- --- Interstitial --- Non after loading - After loading-- HDR Am241,Ir192, Yb169 Yb169,Ir192, Co 60 Cs137 Ir192 Ra226 Co60 Intracavitory--- LDR HDR Future Current Traditional Application
20. Wall thickness: 0.5mm of Pt+Ir alloy 1mm of Pb to stop β Gold foil : 0.1 mm thick Cells : used for loading Physical characters of Ra 226 needles Outer case(Pt+10%Ir) Space forRa+filler mixture Eyelet hole cells
24. Spacer beads Retaining spring Min.cyl.sources Spiral spring Screw thread Source train Manual afterloading system of Cs Source train consist of flexible stainless steel holder containing miniature source separated by spherical steel spacers 1.8 mm in diameter. Sources and spacers retained by a steel spring.
25. Cs 137 is incorporated in glass bead & encapsulated in stainless steel ball bearing. which with inactive spacer beads, can be pneumatically loaded from intermediate safe to pt. applicator. Remote afterloading system of Cs 2.5mm
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28. 192 Ir wire( coil form) Single Pin Hair Pin Physical forms of 192 Ir- Core dia 0.1mm 0..4mm Sheath thickness 0.1mm 0.4mm Overall 0.3mm 0.6mm Wire Hair pins
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35. Titanium end cup Lead Xray marker Pd plated grafite pellet Laser weld 103Pd seed 0.8mm 4.5mm