Rayleigh Fading Channel In Mobile Digital Communication System

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In this paper, fading models are considered. Fading is deviation of the attenuation of signal affecting certain parameters and various components. In this paper, I represent the disadvantages of fading. Fading can cause poor performance in a communication system because it can result in a loss of signal power without reducing the power of the noise. This signal loss can be over all of the signal bandwidth. Furthermore this review paper also describes its appropriate solution OFDM that will reduce fading in some extent. Prof. Sukhjinder Singh | Dr. Hitanshu Kumar | Sarita Devi | Dr. Arashdeep Singh "Fading Techniques in Wireless Communication and their Appropriate Solution- A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52381.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52381/fading-techniques-in-wireless-communication-and-their-appropriate-solution-a-review/prof-sukhjinder-singh

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Fading channel modeling is generally defined as the variation of the attenuation of a signal with various variables. Time, geographical position, and radio frequency which is included. Fading is often modeled as a random process. Thus, a fading channel is a communication channel that experiences fading. In this paper, the proposed system presents a new design and simulate a wireless channel using Rayleigh channels. Rayleigh channels using two approaches (flat and frequency-selective fading channels) in order to calculate some path space loss efforts and analysis the performance of different wireless fading channel modeling. The results show that the bite error rate (BER) performance is dramatically improved in the value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) is equal to 45dB. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the performance of fading channel modeling by reducing the error of BER when the SNR is reduced also. Moreover, the more accurate model is Rayleigh model which can be considered for developing fading channel model.

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compare large and small scale fading Solution Small Scale Fading- It is state that the rapid fluctuation of Received Signal strength over very Short distance and short time is concerned as Small Scale Fading.It is a characteristic of Radio propagation resulting from the presence of reflectors and scatterers that cause multiple versions of the Transmitted signal to arrive at the receiver, each distorted in amplitude, phase and angle of arrival. Large Scale Fading- The Large Scale fading is related to Large Fluctuation. It is the result of signal attenuation due to signal propagation over large distances and duffraction around large objects in the propagation path. The three most important effects:- 1) Rapid changess in signal strength over a small travel distance or time interval. 2) Random frequency modulation due to varying Doppler shifts on different multipath signals. 3) Time dispersion caused by multipath propagation delay. Factors affecting Small Scale Fading:- a) Multiplepath propagation- Reflection Objects and scatterers. b) Speed of the mobile- Doppler Shifts c) Transmission bandwidth of the signal d) The received signal will; be distorted if the transmission bandwidth is greater than the bandwidth of the multipath channel. e) Coherent Bandwidth- Bandwidth of the multiple Channel. Cause of Large Scale Fading:- a) Large scale fading is due to the shadowing effect of large size objects. b) It is the main signal strength vs large distance between transmitter and receiver. c) Power Loss and Power Gain:- The ratio of total transmitted power over the received power and the path gain is 1 per path loss. Types of Small Scale Fading:- Small Scale Fading (Based on Multipath Time Delay Spread) *Flat Fading:- Bandwidth signal is smaller than bandwidth of channel. * Delay spread is smaller than symbol period. Frequency Selective Fading:- * Bandwidth is greater than Bandwidth of channel. * Delay Spread is greater than Symbol Period. Small Scale Fading(Based on Doppler Spread) Fast Fading:- * HIgh doppler spread with coherence time is less than symbol period. * Channel variation is Faster than baseband signal variation Slow Fading:- * It has low doppler Spread with coherence time is greater than symbol period. * Channel variation is smaller than baseband signal variation. Large Scale Fading:- * In free space, received power attenuates like 1/r2. * With reflection and obstructions, can attenuate even more rapidly with distance. * Time constants associated with variations are very long as mobile moves, many seconds or minutes. * More important for cell site planning, less for communication system design..

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