compare large and small scale fading Solution Small Scale Fading- It is state that the rapid fluctuation of Received Signal strength over very Short distance and short time is concerned as Small Scale Fading.It is a characteristic of Radio propagation resulting from the presence of reflectors and scatterers that cause multiple versions of the Transmitted signal to arrive at the receiver, each distorted in amplitude, phase and angle of arrival. Large Scale Fading- The Large Scale fading is related to Large Fluctuation. It is the result of signal attenuation due to signal propagation over large distances and duffraction around large objects in the propagation path. The three most important effects:- 1) Rapid changess in signal strength over a small travel distance or time interval. 2) Random frequency modulation due to varying Doppler shifts on different multipath signals. 3) Time dispersion caused by multipath propagation delay. Factors affecting Small Scale Fading:- a) Multiplepath propagation- Reflection Objects and scatterers. b) Speed of the mobile- Doppler Shifts c) Transmission bandwidth of the signal d) The received signal will; be distorted if the transmission bandwidth is greater than the bandwidth of the multipath channel. e) Coherent Bandwidth- Bandwidth of the multiple Channel. Cause of Large Scale Fading:- a) Large scale fading is due to the shadowing effect of large size objects. b) It is the main signal strength vs large distance between transmitter and receiver. c) Power Loss and Power Gain:- The ratio of total transmitted power over the received power and the path gain is 1 per path loss. Types of Small Scale Fading:- Small Scale Fading (Based on Multipath Time Delay Spread) *Flat Fading:- Bandwidth signal is smaller than bandwidth of channel. * Delay spread is smaller than symbol period. Frequency Selective Fading:- * Bandwidth is greater than Bandwidth of channel. * Delay Spread is greater than Symbol Period. Small Scale Fading(Based on Doppler Spread) Fast Fading:- * HIgh doppler spread with coherence time is less than symbol period. * Channel variation is Faster than baseband signal variation Slow Fading:- * It has low doppler Spread with coherence time is greater than symbol period. * Channel variation is smaller than baseband signal variation. Large Scale Fading:- * In free space, received power attenuates like 1/r2. * With reflection and obstructions, can attenuate even more rapidly with distance. * Time constants associated with variations are very long as mobile moves, many seconds or minutes. * More important for cell site planning, less for communication system design..

1. compare large and small scale fading
Solution
Small Scale Fading- It is state that the rapid fluctuation of Received Signal strength over very
Short distance and short time is concerned as Small Scale Fading.It is a characteristic of Radio
propagation resulting from the presence of reflectors and scatterers that cause multiple versions
of the Transmitted signal to arrive at the receiver, each distorted in amplitude, phase and angle of
arrival.
Large Scale Fading- The Large Scale fading is related to Large Fluctuation. It is the result of
signal attenuation due to signal propagation over large distances and duffraction around large
objects in the propagation path.
The three most important effects:-
1) Rapid changess in signal strength over a small travel distance or time interval.
2) Random frequency modulation due to varying Doppler shifts on different multipath signals.
3) Time dispersion caused by multipath propagation delay.
Factors affecting Small Scale Fading:-
a) Multiplepath propagation- Reflection Objects and scatterers.
b) Speed of the mobile- Doppler Shifts
c) Transmission bandwidth of the signal
d) The received signal will; be distorted if the transmission bandwidth is greater than the
bandwidth of the multipath channel.
e) Coherent Bandwidth- Bandwidth of the multiple Channel.
Cause of Large Scale Fading:-
a) Large scale fading is due to the shadowing effect of large size objects.
b) It is the main signal strength vs large distance between transmitter and receiver.
c) Power Loss and Power Gain:- The ratio of total transmitted power over the received power
and the path gain is 1 per path loss.
Types of Small Scale Fading:-
Small Scale Fading (Based on Multipath Time Delay Spread)
*Flat Fading:- Bandwidth signal is smaller than bandwidth of channel.
* Delay spread is smaller than symbol period.
Frequency Selective Fading:-
* Bandwidth is greater than Bandwidth of channel.
* Delay Spread is greater than Symbol Period.

2. Small Scale Fading(Based on Doppler Spread)
Fast Fading:-
* HIgh doppler spread with coherence time is less than symbol period.
* Channel variation is Faster than baseband signal variation
Slow Fading:-
* It has low doppler Spread with coherence time is greater than symbol period.
* Channel variation is smaller than baseband signal variation.
Large Scale Fading:-
* In free space, received power attenuates like 1/r2.
* With reflection and obstructions, can attenuate even more rapidly with distance.
* Time constants associated with variations are very long as mobile moves, many seconds or
minutes.
* More important for cell site planning, less for communication system design.