2. What is Poliomyelitis
๏ง Poliomyelitis is caused by the Poliovirus
๏ง Poliovirus= form of Enterovirus that affects
humans, mammals.
๏ง Enteroviruses: spread primarily through the
fecal-oral route (contact with feces somehow)
๏ง Children at highest risk.
๏ง Symptoms appear similar to common cold:
difficult to diagnose early on.
3. History Of Polio
๏ง Ancient Egypt ๏ง England- Michael Underwood- 1789
๏ง โdebility of lower extremitiesโ>โHeineMedin diseaseโ>โinfantile paralysisโ
๏ง Due to propensity to more commonly affect
children
4. Causes & Transmission
๏ง More prevalent in warmer climates/ summer
๏ง Transmitted through fecal-oral route.
๏ง Most cases- Parent-to-Child due to close proximity,
also unsanitary water.
๏ง Temporarily inhabits gastrointestinal tract, due to how
contracted
๏ง Highly contagious during incubation period (6-20
days)
5. Effects of Transmission
o 95% cases- Asymptomatic
o 4%-8%- non-paralytic aseptic meningitis
o 1%- Paralytic Polio: 3 types
o Spinal (PV1), Bulbospinal (PV2), Bulbar (PV3)
o Spinal- most closely associated w/ paralysis
o 1/200 cases paralytic
o 1/1,000 infant cases & 1/75 adult cases of polio.
6. Outbreaks & Outcomes
๏ณ First global outbreaks: 1900โs- caused by increase
sanitation.
๏ง Previous - common to contract Poliovirus as child
but not see side-effects - latent immunization
through constant exposure created immunity
boost.
๏ง Increased populations allowed greater spread of
infection.
7. Outbreaks & Outcomes Contโd.
๏ง Infection age rose:
๏ง 6 months- 4 yrs > 5-9 yrs.
๏ง Greater amount of paralytic polio due to age.
๏ง No prevalent hereditary links/suseptibility
differences = difficult to diagnose
๏ง No vaccine developed
๏ง Wreaked havoc for 1st half of 20th Century
8. Race for a Cure
๏ง Increased Polio outbreaks forced need for a cure.
๏ง President Roosevelt- contracted Paralytic polio in
mid 20โs. Founds National Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis in 1938.
๏ง World War II = on hold.
๏ง 1952- greatest U.S. outbreak on record
๏ง 58,000 reported cases
๏ง 22,000 paralyzed & 4,000 killed.
๏ง 1955: Salk & Sabin discover vaccines
9. Effects of Vaccination
๏ง Vaccination reported near 100% immunity
๏ง The WHO (World Health Organization) set
out for global eradication in 1988.
๏ง 350,000 cases in 1988 > 1,310 cases in 2007
๏ง 99% decrease
๏ง Job not done
๏ง Still exists in India, Nigeria, Afghanistan,
Pakistan.
10. Where is the Future of
Polio?
โข Difficulty in eradication caused by:
โข Re-infection from unvaccinated
countries (25 from 2003-2005).
โข Civil War in Countries
โข Religious beliefs.
โข Threat of future endemic as virus still
exists as long as polio exists anywhere in
world.