INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

4. •In India the Guru or the
teacher is held in high
esteem.
•Indeed, there is an
understanding that if the
devotee were presented
with the guru and God, first
he would pay respect to
the guru, since the guru
had been instrumental in
leading him to God.

5. In compiling the vedic mantras,
VED VYASA edited them into four
books, the Rig-Veda, the Yajur-
Veda, the Sama-Veda, and the

6. The Vedas are a large body of
texts originating in ancient India.
Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the
texts constitutes the oldest layer
of Sanskrit literature and the
oldest scriptures of Hinduism.
•Scholars have determined that the
Rig Veda, the oldest of the four
Vedas, was composed about 1500
B.C.

10. Gurukul was a type of school in India, residential in nature,
with pupils living in proximity to the guru.
In a gurukul, students resided together as equals,
irrespective of their social standing, learnt from the guru
and helped the guru in his day-to-day life.
At the end of his studies, the pupil offered dakshina (fees)
to the guru. The gurudakshina is a traditional gesture of
acknowledgment, respect and thanks.

13. Nālandā is the name of an ancient university in Bihar, India
and was a Buddhist center of learning from 427 CE to 1197
CE. It has been called "one of the first great universities in
recorded history.

14. There were universities like Taxila,
Ujjain, Kanchi etc. for medicine and
learning including mathematics and
astronomy.

17. Education of Indians had become a
topic of interest among East
India Company officials. The
policy’s goal was
• to advance knowledge of Indians and
• to employ that knowledge in the East India
Company

19. • Since English was increasingly being
employed as the language of
instruction, during 1852–1853
petitions were sent to the British
Parliament in support of both
establishing and adequately funding
university education in India which
resulted in the Education Dispatch of
July 1854 which helped in shaping the
education system of India.

20. • Established a Department of Public Instruction in
each province of British India.
• Established teacher-training schools for all levels of
instruction.
• Increased the number of Government colleges
,vernacular schools and high-schools .
• The Department of Public Instruction was in place by
1855. By 1857 a number of universities were
established modeled on the University of London.
Educational reforms in the early 20th
century
led towards the nationalisation of many
universities.

22. GRANT MEDICAL
COLLEGE,1844

26. • Rabindranath started an open-air school
known as the Patha Bhavan at
Shantiniketan that gradually developed
into an international university named
Visva Bharati where the cultures of the
East and the West met in common
fellowship and thereby strengthening
the fundamental condition of world
peace.

27. PATHA
BHAVAN, the
school of his
ideals, whose
central premise
was that learning
in a natural
environment
would be more
enjoyable and

28. • The main attractions of
Shantiniketan include the various
buildings of the Visva-Bharati
campus.
Chinese faculty,College of Arts
and Crafts, Patha Bhavan (the

29. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

30. • The University Education Commission popularly known as
the Radhakrishnan Commission was appointed under the
Chairmanship of Dr. Sri. S. Radhakrishnan in 1948 .
• The Commission was required to study the problem of
university education in the country and to suggest
measures for its reforms keeping in view the needs and
aspirations of the people.
• The then Minister of Education, Abdul Kalam Azad
inaugurated this Commission on December 6, 1948 and
gave it the necessary directions.

31. • Some of the famous
students of Visva-
Bharati include India's
former Prime Mister the
Ms Indira Gandhi
,world famous film
director Mr.Satyajit
Ray and Nobel Laureate

33. • Following independence in
1947, MAULANA AZAD,
India's first education minister
recommended strong central
government control over
education throughout the
country, with a uniform
educational system.

35. The Indian government lays great
emphasis to primary education up to
the age of fourteen years (referred to
as Elementary Education in India.)
The Indian government has also
banned child labour in order to
ensure that the children do not enter
unsafe working conditions.

36. Education has also been made free for
children for six to 16 years of age.
The District Primary Education Programme
(DPEP) was launched in 1994 with an aim to
universalize primary education in India by
reforming and vitalizing the existing primary
education system

37. • The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the
popular name for school meal
programme in India. It involves
provision of lunch free of cost to
school-children on all working
days with an objective to:
• increase school enrolment and
attendance, improve socialisation
among children belonging to all
castes and addressing
malnutrition.

38. The current scheme for universalization
of Education for All is the SARVA
SHIKSHA ABHIYAN which is one of
the largest education initiatives in the
world.

40. RIGHT TO EDUCATION
Every child between the ages of 6 to 14
years has the right to free and
compulsory education. The government
schools shall provide free education to
all the children. Private schools shall
admit at least 25% of the children in

43. 2
.
1 In our national perception, Education
2
.
2 refines sensitivities and perceptions that contribute
to national cohesion, a scientific temper and
independence of mind and spirit - thus furthering
the goals of socialism, secularism and democracy
enshrined in our Constitution.
2
.
3
2
.
4

45. . The government is committed to providing
education through mainstream schools for
children with disabilities.
The need for inclusive education arises
precisely because it is now well understood
that most children with disabilities can,
with motivation and effort on the part of
teaching institutions, become an integral
part of those institutions

47. There is a common educational
structure(10+2+3) followed all over
the country.

48. School education
10+2
Pre primary (FOR 1 YEAR)
Primary (GRADE 1-5)
Middle (GRADE 6-8)
Secondary (GRADE 9-10)
Senior Secondary (GRADE11-12)

49. Significant feature of India's
secondary school system is the
emphasis on inclusion of the
disadvantaged sections of the
society.
Another feature of India's
secondary school system is its
emphasis on profession based
vocational training to help
students attain skills for finding
a vocation of his/her choosing.

50. The Secondary education is supported by
the following organisations under the
administrative control of the Union
Department of Education:
Some of the institutes are:-
•National Council of Educational
Research and Training (NCERT)
•Central Board of Secondary
Education (CBSE)
•National Institute of Open
Schooling (NIOS)

51. The National Policy on Education (NPE),
1986, has provided for environment awareness,
science and technology education, and
introduction of traditional elements such as
yoga into the Indian secondary school system

52. The CBSE was set up by a special resolution of
the Government of India in 1929 at Ajmer
with a view to play a useful role in the field of
Secondary Education and to raise its standard.

53. . The Main functions of the board are: to
conduct Class X and XII examinations and grant
certificates, to prescribe courses of
instructions, prescribe conditions for
examinations, and to affiliate institutions for
the purpose of examinations. The CBSE also
conducts all India entrance examinations at
the under graduate level for pre-medical/pre-
dental, engineering and architecture courses.

54. The CBSE has constantly
been engaged in process of
curriculum design, in-service
teacher empowerment
programmes and development
of textual material.

55. CBSE has introduced
CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE
EVALUATION (CCE) at the secondary level.
The scheme of CCE discourages mechanical testing. It
envisages employment of variety of tools and techniques for
assessment in informal and formal settings which are more
interesting, relevant and meaningful and involve learners for
greater participation and learning.

56. It is a system of school based
assessment that covers all aspects of
student’s development. It emphasizes
two fold objectives. Continuity in
evaluation and assessment of broad
based learning. CCE will cover the
scholastic and co scholastic areas of
school education.

57. The NCERT was established in 1961. It functions as
a resource centre in the field of school education and
teacher education. Publication of school textbooks
and other educational material like teachers’
guides/manuals etc. are its major functions.
NCERT is an autonomous body
fully funded by the Ministry of
Human Resource and Development
(MHRD)
It aims at making environmental education an integral
part of curriculum in school education.

60. India's higher education
system is the third largest in
the world, after China and the
United States.

62. imbued with a
scientific culture was
Jawaharlal Nehru's
aim. One such
initiative was the
All-India Institute
of Medical Sciences
as an institution of
national importance
by an Act of
Parliament and has
set the pace for
medical education
and research in

65. Some institutions of India, such as the Indian
Institutes of Technology (IITs), have been
globally acclaimed for their standard of
education. The IITs enroll about 8000
students annually and the alumni have
contributed to both the growth of the private
sector and the public sectors of India.

66. Higher education in India has evolved in
divergent streams with each stream
monitored by an apex body(UNIVERSITY
GRANTS COMMISION- organisation set up by Union
government in 1956, for the coordination, determination and
maintenance of standards of university education )indirectly
controlled by the Ministry of Human
Resource Development. Most universities are
administered by the States, but there are 18
important universities called Central
Universities, which are maintained by the
Union Government.

68. The National Law School of India University is
highly regarded, with its students being
awarded Rhodes Scholarships to Oxford
University, and the All India Institute of Medical
Sciences is consistently rated the top medical
school in the country . Indian Institutes of
Management (IIMs) are the top management
institutes in India .

70. Educational Development:
Current Scenario in India

71. • The Government of India is responsible for arranging, allocating and
distributing financial resources required by the University Grants
Commission (UGC) for the establishment of Central Universities in
India.
• The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) has been
constituted to assist in the functioning of the two Governments and
ensure that parity is maintained in the field of higher education.
• Open Universities provide the facility of distance education to
people who are unable to pursue regular courses.
• Distance education is provided on academic, technical and
professional subjects. These universities offer undergraduate, post-
graduate and doctoral programmes. They also offer diploma and
certificate level courses.

72. Technical Education
• The technical education system in the country covers engineering,
technology, management, architecture, pharmacy etc.
• The Ministry of Human Resource Development supports the
programmes at undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate and
research levels.
• The technical education system at the central level comprises of
Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institute of
Management (IIMs), Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc), National
Institutes of Technology (NITs) and all India Council for Technical
Education (AICTE).

73. Professional Education
• Higher education also deals with the professional
education.
• For this a network of public and private polytechnics
and vocational institutions, controlled and supervised by
the councils specializing in each discipline, exist.
• Professional councils, like All India Council for
Technical Education (AICTE), Distance Education
Council (DEC), National Council for Teacher Education
(NCTE), Medical Council Of India (MCI) and others are
responsible for recognition of courses, promotion of
professional institutions and providing grants to
undergraduate programmes and various awards.

74. Adult Education
• In the education of adults the emphasis has not been only on
making them literate, but an attempt is also made for education of
the personality in order that they may fulfill the responsibilities of
citizens of a democracy intelligently.
• In 1973 a Programme of Adult Education was launched.
• Its objective has been to educate 30 crores adults within the age
range of 15-35 years by the end of the 20th
century.
• The main purpose of this Adult Education Programme is to increase
the working efficiency of the adults and to create in them a social
and national consciousness.

75. Women Education
• The Government has paid special attention on women education
since 1957-58.
• In the programmes made for the same special provisions have been
made for arrangement of stipends, appointment of lady, residential
accommodation for women teachers and training of women
teachers.
• By 1995 i.e. within 48 yrs the progress of women education had
reached such a point that there remained little difference between
percentages of educated boys girls.
• Under Adult Education Programme for women the objectives have
been to make women over 15 years of age literate and to make
them economically self-dependent.
• Another aim has been to give them training in rearing up children,
family planning and information about health principles; also to
acquaint them with the laws relating to women’s rights in order to
raise their social status and to inform the Government about the
atrocities committed against them at times.

76. Educational Research and Training
• The National Council of Educational Research and Training
(NCERT) was established by the central Government in 1961 for
implementing the educational policies and plans of the Central
Ministry of Education.
• The Council runs four Regional Colleges of Education situated in
Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneshwar and Mysore. These colleges train
teachers and arrange for in-service training of teachers during
summer also.

77. Educational Research and Training
• The National Council of Educational Research and Training
(NCERT) was established by the central Government in 1961 for
implementing the educational policies and plans of the Central
Ministry of Education.
• The Council runs four Regional Colleges of Education situated in
Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneshwar and Mysore. These colleges train
teachers and arrange for in-service training of teachers during
summer also.

80. Delhi Chief Minister Ms.Sheila
Dikshit launched the ‘Ladli’.
Under the scheme, the state
government intends to deposit
Rs.100,000 in the account of
every girl child (belonging to a
particular income group) by
the time she attains the age of
18.
As per the scheme, the
government will deposit
Rs.10,000 in the name of a girl
child at the time of her birth
and Rs.5,000 each at the time
of admission to Class I, VI, IX,
X and XII to encourage her
education.

82. • Vocational
education is
imparted through
Industrial Training
Institutes (ITIs)
and polytechnics.

83. •India which has always
been a centre for the
textile and garment trade.
Now the fashion industry
has become so specialized
that it encompasses a vast
field of studies in design,
concept management,
design production
management, quality
control, planning, fabric
design, printing, fashion
accessory design, fashion
merchandising, textile
science, colour mixing,
marketing and so on.

84. National Institute of Fashion Technology was
set up in 1986 under the aegis of the Ministry
of Textiles, Government of India. It has
emerged as the premier Institute of Design,
Management and Technology, developing
professionals for taking up leadership positions
in fashion business in the emerging global
scenario.

90. MATHS LABS ARE A PART OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE ALONG WITH
PHYSICS,CHEMISTRY,BIOLOGY,PSYCHOLOGY,HOME SCIENCE AND
COMPUTERS.

91. THEATRE,SINGING,DANCING,POETRY WRITING AND RECITATION
ARE A FEW CO CURRICUAR ACTIVITIES WHICH ENHANCE THE
PERSONALITY OF THE LEARNERS.

94. VARIOUS CLUBS AND SOCIETIES IN SCHOOL ENGAGE THE STUDENTS IN
SOCIAL SERVICE, TREE PLANTATION ,CLEANING OF NEIGHBOURHOOD
AND SPREADING AWARENESS REGARDING VARIOUS ISSUES.

95. The online projects encourage our students to collaborate ,cooperate and communicate
with the students all over the world. This use of cyber space has led to the globalisation
of education.

96. Conclusion

97. • Despite all the efforts to develop the education system in
India, access, equity and quality of education in India
continue to haunt the policy makers till this date. This has
mainly been due to the widespread poverty and various
prejudices.
• Many aspects of the current educational setup demand
review and change. Until concrete steps are taken to
reformulate our methodology of imparting education, we
shall continue to underutilize, even waste our youth, and
this could have serious consequences in the future.
• However, the renewed emphasis in the education sector
in the 11th five year plan and increased expenditure in
both primary and higher education can act as palliatives
for the Indian education system.

98. We give them roots, we give them
wings
And great joys from, little things,
A hope that they will soar ,
A hope that they will try,
We are sure that one day ,
Our children will learn to fly.
PREPARED BY
NAVEEN SINGH
& ATUL DUBEY