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1. Presenter: Malik Faisal
Summer 2014
Supervisors
Dr. Ejaz Hussain
Dr. Abdur Rehman
Professor Fatima Yameen

2.  Introduction
 Objectives
 Literature
 Methodology
 Main results and Conclusion
 Policy Implications
 Limitations and Challenges/Future Research

3.  IDRC-SDPI – Good Governance (MSDS)
 Privatization of Education in Afghanistan
 Education & Higher Education
 Level- I, Level II provinces (34)
 State of Education & Privatization of Education
 Literature Review, Primary Research
 Good Governance

4.  State of Education:(14,034 schools) 13,556 public, 478 private
 State of Higher Education:(69 universities) 26 public, 43 private (82
by now).
 Free Public vs. paid Private - filling the gap left by public
 Privatization of Education improves the Education and brings
inclusivity (H1) #
 Inclusive education & Good governance
 Joint ventures with other countries

5.  State of Education in the world:
 61 million children of primary school age out of school. South and West
Asia:390 million illiterate adults and 18 million children out of school.
 780 million people illiterate; women form two thirds, and 66 percent of the
children out of school are girls.
 India 0.7 % higher Education, Pakistan 0.29 GDP, Women 7 fold, men 4
fold increased in tertiary since 1970

6.  State of Education in Afghanistan:
 Education is the right of all citizens of Afghanistan. The back to school
campaign USD 1.9 billion.
 Teachers grown 8 fold (142,500, out of those 40,000 females), three fold
(14,034 schools) 13,556 public, 478 private. Since 2009, 100,000 graduates
from schools,
 In 2012, 3,009 male and 510 female faculty members; 4.7% PhD, 36.2 %
masters, and 59.1 % BA/BS in universities.
Year Male (school) Female (School) Male (University) Female (University)
2002 1,700,000 700,000 27,000 4,200
2004 2,700,000 1,300,000 24,500 6,200
2006 3,500,000 1,900,000 30,600 8,800
2008 3,900,000 2,300,000 48,200 12,900
2010 4,300,000 2,700,000 62,900 14,830
2012 5,359,000 3,284,000 81,785 19,215

7.  State of privatization of Education in the world
 James Coleman in 1982 Private Education scientifically.
 Private education worth around USD 400 billion worldwide
 Concerns that private education turning into businesses. In Kenya, private
universities are only for elite families. The law requires private universities
to have a minimum of fifty acres of land to apply for admission.
 60 percent of the private schools are low cost in India and Pakistan, which
is less than USD 7 a month
 Good quality, facilities, practical, less crimes,

8.  State of privatization of Education in Afghanistan
 Private education formally permitted by the government of in 2006.
There are 82 private universities with 70,000 students.
 478 private schools 111,884 students and 6,233 teachers.
 In level 3 provinces a few has only one private university, while in level 2
provinces, two private university.
 Herat, Mazar, Jalalabad, Badakhshan more private. But mostly in
Capital Kabul, Even recently master program started.
 Very costly education, USD 600-1200 per semester.

9. QUESTIONS METHODS OF RESEARCH
Does privatization enhance the status qua of
Afghanistan education?
Survey questioners , literature review
How privatization improves the overall
education sector?
Survey, interview , literature review
What are the inclusive impacts of privatization
of education?
Survey and interview,
To what extend instrumental pillars of good
governance (transparency, accountability,
participation and Prediction) improves the
process of privatization?
Survey and interview,
Can privatization be extended to join ventures
in partnership with other countries in the
region?
Literature review, case study, document
analysis

10.  Secondary Education: N=100, 92 responses (grade 9-12)
 Higher Education= N= 200, 164 (82 %) Grade 13-18)
 Validity and reliability (Right question and right person) -
survey plot, research designs, generalization to population.
Rural vs. urban. SPSS

12.  Findings supports the hypothesis. Money does not directly
result in private
 First, the literature supports 5% teachers can solve the same
question, higher payments. Complementary and even a
choice.
 Corporal punishments, class size, absenteeism, study
inspiration
 Provision of facilities- agree and disagree options
 In higher education; study per 24 hours discrepancies.

13. • Water
• Classrooms
• Chairs
• Blackboard

14.  Access to education and the common practices by the government
(Provision of basic necessities, Allocation in public institutions)
 Quality Education and the public vs. private sector impasse. Incentive to
private sector to invest in education
 Inclusive education and the socioeconomic and cultural barriers :
security threats, cultural obstacles,

15.  Strong Public –private partnership
 Salary on time payments for teachers
 Public leaving toward private- government incentive
 Corruption- Ghost teachers,
 Donors dependent education system-
 Marginalized, girls and disabled children (Inclusive)
 More buildings needed, tent education
 Security threats – foreigners visit in rural areas

16.  Local vs. scientific
 Public sector avoidance- permission letter
 Payments required
 Access to female participants
 --------------
 Ethical considerations
 Exaggeration of figures by participants
 Output of private education is not in the market yet- further research
in the future