summary, science, living things

1. UNIT 3 LIVING THINGS
1.- CLASSIFYING LIVING THINGS
We classify living things into different groups: animals, plants, fungi
and other organism (algae, bacteria)
ANIMALS
 Animals feed or eat other living things
 Animals can move
 Animals have senses
 Animals can be oviparous or viviparous.
PLANTS
 Plants produce their own food.
 Plants can’t move from one place to another.
 Plants are born from seeds or spores.
FUNGI
 Fungi feed on other living things that are descomposing
 Fungi can’t move
 Fungi are more similar to animals than plants
 Mould is fungi
 Mushrooms are fungi
OTHER ORGANISM
 Algae:
- Algae produce their own food.
- Algae have different parts to plants
- Seawoods are algae

2.  Bacteria:
-Bacteria are very small organisms. We can only see them
under microscope
- E.coli is bacteria
2.- LIFE PROCESSES OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS
All living things carry out theses life processes: nutrition,
reproduction and interaction.
NUTRITION
Living things obtain nutrients from food.
Nutrients help them to grow and function properly.
 Animals eat other living things.
 Some eat meat (carnivores)
 Some eat plants (herbivores)
 Some eat food and plants (omnivores).
 Plants use sunlight, water and nutrients from the soil to
make their own food.
REPRODUCTION
Living things reproduce
 Some animals lay eggs and others have live babies.
 Most plants reproduce by making seeds. Some produce spores.
INTERACTION
Living things interact; moving, touching and communicating.
 Animals move, communicate and react to the world around
them
 Plants react to their environment. They grow towards the light
and their roots grow towards water
3.- PLANTS
We can classify plants into three groups: grasses, bushes and trees

3. GRASSES
Grasses have a soft stem.
They are thin, bendy and usually short.
BUSHES
Bushes are taller than grasses.
Bushes have a lot of woody stems with low branches.
The blackberry bush has lots of long branches
TREES
Trees have a thick, woody stem called a trunk.
Decidious trees lose their leaves in autumn.
Oak trees are decidious.
Evergreen trees produce leaves all year round.
Pine trees are evergreen
4.- HOW PLANTS MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD
Plants need water, minerals, light and energy from the Sun and
carbon dioxide to make their own food.
Plants make food in their leaves.
The roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
The water and minerals travel up the stem to the leaves.
The leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air through small holes.
Using energy from the Sun, the carbon dioxide combines with
water, minerals and sunlight to make food.
This process is called photosynthesis.

4. During the process of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the
air.
4.- LIVING THINGS ADAPT
Living things adapt to their environment
 Brown bears have adapted to low temperatures by hibernating
during winter.
 Cactuses have adapted to hot and dry environments. They have
thick skin so they don´t lose water.
 Stick insects have adapted to look like their environment so
other animals can´t see them.
FOOD CHAINS
 All living things need food for survival.
 A food chain shows how plants, animals and humans rely on
each other for food.
 Animals get energy and nutrients by eating other animals or
plants. For example
1. Caterpillars eat leaves
2. Mice eat caterpillars
3. Oowls eat mice

5. These links between animals and plants are called food chains.
The arrow means 'is eaten by'.
Nearly all food chains start with a green plant.
• Most animals and plants are part of more than one food chain.
Producers
• Plants do not eat other plants or animals.
• Plants are called producers, because they produce their
own food using sunlight.
Consumers
• “Consume” means “eat”.
. Animals are consumers because they “eat” (consume)
food provided by plants or other animals.
Decomposer
• Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.
• They eat decaying matter - dead plants and animals and in the
process they break them down and decompose them.
• They release nutrients and mineral salts back into the soil -
which then will be used by plants!
Changes to food chains
If one part of a food chain alters, the whole food chain is affected.
For example, if a disease suddenly wiped out caterpillars, it would
affect mice, owls and many other animals.