1. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
nterpersonal communication is much more than the explicit
meaning of words, the information or message conveyed. It also
includes implicit messages, whether intentional or not, which are
expressed through non-verbal behaviours.
Non-verbal communications include facial expressions, the tone
and pitch of the voice, gestures displayed through body language
(kinesics) and the physical distance between the communicators
he popular stereotype of Italians, involving big gestures, lots of
hand-waving, and plenty of loud and excited shouting, may be a
stereotype, but it exists for a reason. In the Italian culture,
excitement is shown a lot more obviously than in the UK, for
example, and non-verbal communication tends to be a lot more
obvious. This can make it much harder for Italians to interpret non-
verbal communication in the UK or USA, where it is more subtle.
However, even in Italy, there are geographical variations
Examples of culture-specific non-
verbal communication
2. DINING CUSTOMS
Normally in western culture, we are all generally used to the
idea of having privacy and some alone time to reflect on our
lives and what we should do. Generally in all Arab societies you
will find the people to be very welcoming and very inviting. An
Arab needs no social boundary of personal time. In fact,
frequent visits and general invitations back are more than
expected. You might also find it a bit daunting with how many
invites to gatherings and parties that there will be, so be ready
to socialize with neighbors and close friends a lot. They like to
stay in contact with their friends and so you could easily offend
someone if you do not come or decline many invitations.
Generally a response to this from an Arab would be that you
are a very busy person. The maximum time that an Arab friend
will be away from you would be 3 days at the most before they
would like to make contact with you again. (Nydell, 2006, pgs.
20-21)
3. AN OIL SPILL
An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially
marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually applied to
marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also
occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms,
drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills ofrefined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel)
and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any
oily refuse or waste oil.
Oil spills penetrate into the structure of the plumage of birds and the fur of mammals, reducing
its insulating ability, and making them more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much
less buoyant in the water. Cleanup and recovery from an oil spill is difficult and depends upon
many factors, including the type of oil spilled, the temperature of the water (affecting
evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of shorelines and beaches involved.[1] Spills
may take weeks, months or even years to clean up
4. A NUCLEAR DISASTER
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) as "an event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or
the facility." Examples include lethal effects to individuals, large radioactivity release to the
environment, or reactor core melt."[4] The prime example of a "major nuclear accident" is one
in which a reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of radioactivity are released,
such as in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.[5]
The impact of nuclear accidents has been a topic of debate practically since the first nuclear
reactors were constructed in 1954. It has also been a key factor in public concern about
nuclear facilities.[6] Some technical measures to reduce the risk of accidents or to minimize
the amount of radioactivity released to the environment have been adopted. Despite the use
of such measures, human error remains, and "there have been many accidents with varying
impacts as well near misses and incidents".[6][7] As of 2014, there have been more than 100
serious nuclear accidents and incidents from the use of nuclear power.
5. DEFORESTION
Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet. They
produce vital oxygen and provide homes for people and
wildlife. Many of the world’s most threatened and
endangered animals live in forests, and 1.6 billion people rely
on benefits forests offer, including food, fresh water, clothing,
traditional medicine and shelter.But forests around the world
are under threat from deforestation, jeopardizing these
benefits. Deforestation comes in many forms, including fires,
clear-cutting for agriculture, ranching and development,
unsustainable logging for timber, and degradation due to
climate change. This impacts people’s livelihoods and
threatens a wide range of plant and animal species. Some
46-58 thousand square miles of forest are lost each year—
orests play a critical role in mitigating climate change because they act
as a carbon sink—soaking up carbon dioxide that would otherwise be
free in the atmosphere and contribute to ongoing changes in climate
patterns. Deforestation undermines this important carbon sink function. It
is estimated that 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions are the result of
deforestation.Deforestation is a particular concern in tropical rainforests
because these forests are home to much of the world’s biodiversity. For
example, in the Amazon around 17% of the forest has been lost in the
last 50 years, mostly due to forest conversion for cattle ranching.
Deforestation in this region is particularly rampant near more populated
areas, roads and rivers, but even remote areas have been encroached
upon when valuable mahogany, gold and oil are discovered.
6. THE ANCENT PYRAMIDS
The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.
As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian
pyramids.[1][2] Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old
and Middle Kingdom periods.[3][4][5]
The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. The earliest
among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BC–2611 BC) which was built during the
third dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and
are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed
masonry.[6]
The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the
Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built.[7] The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is
the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in
existence
7. STONEHENGE
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, 2 miles (3 km) west of
Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north ofSalisbury. Stonehenge's ring of standing
stones are set within earthworks in the middle of the most dense complex of
Neolithicand Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial
mounds.[1]
Archaeologists believe it was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. The
surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the
monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Radiocarbon dating suggests that
the firstbluestones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC,[2] although they may
have been at the site as early as 3000 BC.[3][4][5]
Stonehenge has been a legally protected Scheduled Ancient Monument since 1882
when legislation to protect historic monuments was first successfully introduced in
Britain. The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage
Sites in 1986. Stonehenge is owned by the Crown and managed by English
Heritage; the surrounding land is owned by the National Trust
