Our final edited edition of our mutual book. It's trilingual : English ( communication language ) ,Greek and Turkish ( partners languages ).It has to do with the origins and mythology of both Greek and Turkish people .A mythology full of heroes and supernatural creatures.After all , the point of our mutual project was to show the similarities between the Turkish and the Greek nation , working in English and using New Technologies . Our past presented through future to the future .

2. Crossroads over the Aegean.
Human soul remains the same , through
centuries and borders.

3. Bilateral Comenius project.
Armenio Larissa Greece high school
Suat Terimer Anatolian high school
2011 – 2013

4. Greek and Turkish partners

5. Greek mythology
Greek mythology is a
garden of shiny myths .
Full of brave men and
beautiful , yet , fatal
women .
Let’s have a look on
some of these myths.
Η Ειιεληθή κπζνινγία
είλαη έλαο θήπνο
ιακπεξώλ κύζσλ ,
γεκάηνο από γελλαίνπο
άληξεο θαη όκνξθεο ,
κνηξαίεο γπλαίθεο .
Αο δνύκε κεξηθνύο από
ηνπο κύζνπο.

6. The twelve gods at mount Olympus
In general, the Olympians are the
gods who live on Mount
Olympus, all of them somehow
related to the supreme
god Zeus. More specifically,
the Twelve Olympians are the
major deities of the Greek
Pantheon :
Zeus
Hera ( Zeus sister and wife ,
goddess of marriage)
Poseidon ( Zeus brother and God
of the sea )
Demeter ( Zeus sister and goddess
of agriculture )
Athena ( Zeus daughter , goddess
of wisdom )
Οη δώδεθα ζενί, δνπλ ζηνλ Όιπκπν,
θαη όινη ζπγγελεύνπλ κε ηνλ
παηέξα ησλ Θεώλ , ηνλ Δία.
Τν Οιύκπην Δσδεθάζεν ,
απνηειείηαη από ηνπο :
Δίαο
Ήξα ( αδειθή θαη ζύδπγνο ηνπ Δία
ζεά ηνπ γάκνπ )
Πνζεηδώλ ( αδειθόο ηνπ Δία ,
ζεόο ηεο ζάιαζζαο )
Δήκεηξα ( αδειθή ηνπ Δία ,
ζεά ηεο γεσξγίαο )
Αζελά ( θόξε ηνπ Δία ,
ζεά ηεο ζνθίαο )

7. Zeus - Poseidon

8. The twelve Gods of Olympus
Hestia ( Zeus sister , virgin
goddess of home and family )
Apollo ( Zeus son , god of music )
Artemis ( Zeus daughter , virgin
goddess of hunting , Apollo’s
twin sister ),
Ares ( Zeus son, god of war )
Aphrodite /Venus ( Zeus daughter
goddess of beauty ) ,
Hephaestus ( Zeus and Hera’s
only child , god of fire ,
Aphrodite’s husband )
Hermes ( Zeus son and god of
commerce ) .
Εζηία ( αδειθή ηνπ Δία ,
παξζέλνο ζεά ηεο νηθνγέλεηαο )
Απόιισλ ( γηνο ηνπ Δία , ζεόο ηεο
κνπζηθήο )
Άξηεκηο ( θόξε ηνπ Δία , δίδπκε
αδειθή ηνπ Απόιισλα ,
παξζέλνο ζεά ηνπ ηνπ
θπλεγηνύ)
Αθξνδίηε ( θόξε ηνπ Δία , ζεά ηεο
νκνξθηάο )
Ήθαηζηνο ( ν κνλαρνγηόο ηνπ Δία
θαη ηεο Ήξαο , ζύδπγνο ηεο
Αθξνδίηεο , ζεόο ηεο θσηηάο )
Εξκήο ( γηνο ηνπ Δία , ζεόο ηνπ
εκπνξίνπ )

9. Hermes – Aphrodite

10. The twelve gods
at mount Olympus
Hestia was often replaced
by Dionysus ( Zeus son and god
of wine ) .
Heracles, Asclepius, Pluto /
Hades and Persephone were
sometimes also included as
part of the twelve Olympians
(primarily due to the influence
of the Eleusinian Mysteries),
although in general Pluto was
excluded, because he resided
permanently in
the underworld and never
visited Mount Olympus.
Τε ζέζε ηεο Εζηίαο ζην Οιύκπην
Δσδεθάζεν , πνιιέο θνξέο
έπαηξλε ν Δηόλπζνο , ν ζεόο ηνπ
θξαζηνύ .
Ο Πινύησλαο ή Άδεο , ν ηξίηνο
αδειθόο ηνπ Δία , δελ έκελε
ζηνλ Όιπκπν ,αιιά ζην
βαζίιεηό ηνπ , ζηνλ Ιάησ
Ιόζκν .

11. Apollo – Athina

12. Jason and
the Argonauts
It’s the myth of the voyage of Jason and
the Argonauts from Iolkos ( Greece ) to
retrieve the Golden Fleece from
remote Colchis ( Black Sea ).
Their heroic adventures and Jason's
relationship with the Colchian
princess/sorceress Medea.
Medea had to kill and cut into pieces her
own brother to succeed saving Jason
and his partners from Colchis .
They, finally, achieve to arrive at Iolkos ,
where Medea kills Jason uncle , so they
have have to leave again for Korinthos .
Jason leaves Medea for the Korinthos
young princess , so Medea kills their
two children and the young princess
and her father , as well. Medea escapes
to the skies helped by the Sun.
Τν κπζηθό ηαμίδη ηνπ Θάζσλα θαη ησλ
Αξγνλαπηώλ από ηελ Θσιθό γηα λα
θέξνπλ πίζσ ην Χξπζόκαιιν δέξαο
από ηελ Ινιρίδα , ζηελ Λαύξε
Θάιαζζα.
Οη εξσηθέο ηνπ πεξηπέηεηεο θαη ν δεζκόο
ηνπ Θάζνλα κε ηελ κάγηζζα θαη
πξηγθίπηζζα ησλ Ιόιρσλ , Λήδεηα.
Η Λήδεηα ζε έλα ινπηξό αίκαηνο ,
ζθνηώλεη πξώηα ηνλ αδειθό ηεο γηα λα
θύγνπλ από ηελ Ινιρίδα θαη κεηά ηνλ
Αίζνλα , ζείν ηνπ Θάζνλα ζηελ Θσιθό ,
γηα λα ζώζεη ηνλ Θάζνλα θαη γηα λα ηνπ
εμαζθαιίζεη ηνλ ζξόλν.
Τειηθά , δησγκέλνη θαηαθεύγνπλ ζηελ
Ιόξηλζν , όπνπ ν Θάζνλαο εγθαηαιείπεη
ηελ Λήδεηα γηα λα λπκθεπζεί ηελ
πξηγθίπηζζα θαη ηόηε ε Λήδεηα
ζθνηώλεη ηα παηδηά ηεο ( θαη ηνπ
Θάζνλα ) θαζώο θαη ηελ πξηγθίπηζζα
θαη ηνλ παηέξα ηεο πξηγθίπηζζαο θαη
δηαθεύγεη κε ην άξκα ηνπ Ήιηνπ.

13. Jason , Medea and
the golden fleece

14. Theseus
Theseus was Aethra’s and Aegeus ( king of
Athens) son.
When Aethra became pregnant, Aegeus decided
to return to Athens. Before leaving, however,
he buried his sandals and sword under a huge
rock and told Aethra that when their son
grew up, he should move the rock, if he were
heroic enough, and take the tokens for
himself as evidence of his royal parentage.
In Athens, Aegeus was joined by Medea, who had
left Corinth after slaughtering the children
she had borne Jason, and had taken Aegeus
as her new consort. Priestess and consort
together represented the old order in Athens.
Thus Theseus was raised in his mother's land.
When Theseus grew up and became a brave
young man, he moved the rock and recovered
his father's tokens. His mother then told him
the truth about his father's identity and that
he must take the sword and sandals back to
king Aegeus to claim his birthright.
Ο Θεζέαο ήηαλ γηνο ηνπ βαζηιηά ηεο Αζήλαο
Αηγέα θαη ηεο πξηγθίπηζζαο ηεο Τξνηδήλαο
Αίζξαο .
Όηαλ ε Αίζξα ήηαλ έγθπνο , ν Αηγέαο ηελ άθεζε
ζηελ Τξνηδήλα θαη επέζηξεςε ζηελ Αζήλα ,
ιέγνληαο ζηελ Αίζξα , όηη έθξπςε θάησ από
έλα γηγάληην βξάρν ην ζπαζί θαη ηα ζαλδάιηα
ηνπ θαη όηαλ ν γηνο ηνπο θαηαθέξεη λα ηα
πάξεη , αο έιζεη λα ηνλ βξεη ζηελ Αζήλα.
Σηελ Αζήλα ν Αηγέαο ζπλδέζεθε κε ηελ Λήδεηα ,
ε νπνία είρε θαηαθύγεη εθεί κεηά ηελ
δνινθνλία ησλ παηδηώλ ηεο.
Όηαλ ν Θεζέαο κεγάισζε ,θνληά ζηελ κεηέξα
ηνπ , ζήθσζε ηνλ βξάρν θαη μεθίλεζε γηα ηελ
Αζήλα γηα λα δηεθδηθήζεη ηα δηθαηώκαηά ηνπ
από ηνλ παηέξα ηνπ.

15. To journey to Athens, Theseus could choose to go by
sea (which was the safe way) or by land,
following a dangerous path around the Saronic
Gulf, where he would encounter a string of six
entrances to the Underworld, each guarded by
a chthonic enemy. Young, brave, and ambitious,
Theseus decided to go alone by the land route and
defeated a great many bandits along the way ,
Sinis Pityocamptes ( Sinis the pine –bender , who
tied his victims on a bent pine ,tearing them
apart to take their money ),
Periphetes ,
Sciron ( with his giant human eater sea turtle) ,
Procroustes ( the stretcher , placing on a bed his
victims , cutting their feet , if longer than the bed
, or stretching them to death if they were shorter
).
Theseus going to Crete killed Minotaur, a half-man,
half-bull monster that lived in
the Labyrinth created by Daedalus.
Γηα λα πάεη ζηελ Αζήλα ν Θεζέαο δηάιεμε ηνλ
δύζθνιν δξόκν ηεο ζηεξηάο , παξά ηνλ αζθαιή
ηεο ζάιαζζαο ., μέξνληαο όηη ζα ζπλαληνύζε έμη
ρζόληεο εηζόδνπο ζηνλ Ιάησ Ιόζκν , θαζώο θαη
θνβεξνύο ιεζηέο .
Οη ιεζηέο απηνί ,πνπ ζθόησλαλ θαη ιήζηεπαλ ηνπο
εκπόξνπο θαη πεξαζηηθνύο ,ήηαλ :
Ο Σίλεο ν Πηηπνθάκπηεο , πνπ ιύγηδε δύν πεύθα θαη
έδελε επάλσ ηνπο ηνπο πεξαζηηθνύο ,κεηά ηα
άθελε θαη ην ζύκα ζθηδόηαλ ζηα δύν.
Ο Πεξηθήηεο , ν Σθίξσλαο , πνπ έβαδε λα ηνπ
πιύλνπλ ηα πόδηα θαη κεηά θισηζνύζε ην ζύκα
ζην γθξεκό , όπνπ ην έηξσγε κία πειώξηα
ζαιάζζηα ρειώλα.
Ο Πξνθξνύζηεο , πνπ είρε έλα θξεβάηη πάλσ ζην
νπνίν ηνπνζεηνύζε ηα ζύκαηα ηνπ θαη είηε ηα
ηέλησλε είηε ηα άθξσηεξίαδε γηα λα είλαη ίζα κε
ην θξεβάηη.
Ο Θεζέαο θαηάθεξε λα θαζαξίζεη ηνλ ηόπν από
ηνπο ιεζηέο θαη λα ζθνηώζεη θαη ηνλ Ληλώηαπξν
κέζα ζηνλ Καβύξηλζν,ζην παιάηη ηνπ Λίλσα
ζηελ Ιξήηε.
Theseus and the Minotaure

16. Theseus and the Minotaur

17. Hercules
Hercules was the son of Zeus and the
mortal Alcmene. Hercules is famous for his
strength and for his numerous far-ranging
adventures. Hercules is known for his many
adventures, which took him to the far reaches
of the world. The :"Twelve Labours," :
Slay the Nemean Lion.
Slay the nineheaded Lernaean Hydra.
Capture the Golden Hind of Artemis.
Capture the Erymanthian Boar.
Clean the Augean stables in a single day.
Slay the Stymphalian Birds.
Capture the Cretan Bull.
Steal the Mares of Diomedes.
Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta, Queen of
the Amazons.
Obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon.
Steal the apples of the Hesperides.
Capture and bring back Cerberus.
Ο Ηξαθιήο ήηαλ γηνο ηνπ Δία θαη ηεο Αιθκήλεο.
Φεκηζκέλνο γηα ηελ δύλακε ηνπ θαη γηα ηηο
πνιπάξηζκεο πεξηπέηεηέο ηνπ.
Πην γλσζηέο , νη Δώδεθα άζινη ηνπ .
Τν ιηνληάξη ηεο Μεκέαο
Η Κεξλαία Ύδξα
Τν ειάθη ηεο Άξηεκεο
Ο θάπξνο ηνπ Εξύκαλζνπ
Οη ζηάβινη ηνπ Απγεία
Οη Σηπκθαιίδεο Όξληζεο
Ο ηαύξνο ηνπ Πνζεηδώλα
Τα άινγα ηνπ Δηνκήδε
Η δώλε ηεο Θππνιύηεο , βαζίιηζζαο ησλ
Ακαδόλσλ
Τα βόδηα ηνπ Γεξπόλε
Τα κήια ησλ Εζπεξίδσλ
Ο Ιέξβεξνο .

18. Hercules

19. Trojan war – Iliad
Handsome Paris, prince of Troy, eloped
the prettiest of all women Elena of
Sparta , king Menelaus wife. Menelaus
along with his brother Agamemnon
campaigned against Troy, with all
Greek (Achaean) leaders. It has been a
ten year siege and finally Achaean army
achieved their goal: Trojans surrender
and total destruction., through
Odysseus Trojan horse .
Many brave men had died, both Trojans
( Hector ) and Achaeans ( Ajax , Achilles
etc)
Achaean leaders return home but their
way back isn’t easy at all.
It takes Ulysses ( Odysseus ) ten years of
adventurous voyages to get back home .
Agamemnon faces death from his own
wife and cousin.
Ο όκνξθνο Πάξηο , πνπ ήηαλ πξίγθηπαο ηεο
Τξνίαο , απήγαγε ηελ σξαία Ειέλε , ζύδπγν
ηνπ Λελέιανπ ηνπ βαζηιηά ηεο Σπάξηεο.
Ο Λελέιανο καδί κε ηνλ αδειθό ηνπ Αγακέκλνλα
, βαζηιηά ησλ Λπθελώλ ζπγθεληξώλνπλ
όινπο ηνπο βαζηιηάδεο ησλ Ειιήλσλ /
Αραηώλ θαη εθζηξαηεύνπλ ελαληίνλ ηεο
Τξνίαο .
Η Τξνία πνιηνξθείηαη δέθα νιόθιεξα ρξόληα θαη
πνιινί γελλαίνη άληξεο ,
Αραηνί θαη Τξώεο , θνλεύνληαη ζε
κνλνκαρίεο ,όπσο ν Έθηνξαο , ν
Αίαο , ν Αρηιιέαο θαη άιινη .
Η Τξνία θπξηεύεηαη κε ηνλ Δνύξεην ίππν
ηνπ Οδπζζέα , αιιά νη πεξηπέηεηεο ησλ Αραηώλ
δελ ηειεηώλνπλ εθεί. Ο Οδπζζέαο
πεξηπιαληέηαη δέθα ρξόληα κέρξη λα θζάζεη
ζηελ Θζάθε θαη ν Αγακέκλνλαο βξίζθεη ην
ζάλαην από ην ρέξη ηεο ίδηαο ηνπ ηεο
γπλαίθαο ηεο Ιιπηαηκήζηξαο .

20. Achilles – Laokoon

21. Odusseus ( Ulisses)
Odysseus , king of Ithaca , during his ten
year adventurous trip back home , he
had to face the :
full of rage Cikones ,
the savage Cyclops ( one eyed human
eater monster ) ,
the cannibals Lestrygons ,
the Lotophagus (Lotus eaters, lotus was a
fruit causing to forget their
homecoming ),
the Sirenes ( human eating monsters ,
singing like angels ) ,
the six-headed monster Scylla and the
whirlpool Charybdis ,
the witch-goddess Circe and finally
arrived ship wrecked and alone at the
pretty nymph Calypso island .
He managed to arrive to Ithaca , only
when Zeus and Poseido allowed that.
Ο Οδπζζέαο , ν βαζηιηάο ηεο Θζάθεο , ζηα
δέθα ρξόληα ηνπ πεξηπεηεηώδνπο
ηαμηδηνύ ηεο επηζηξνθήο ηνπ
αληηκεηώπηζε :
Τνπο άγξηνπο Ιίθνλεο
Τνλ αλζξσπνθάγν Ιύθισπα
Τνπο θαλλίβαινπο Καηζηξπγόλεο
Τνπο Κσηνθάγνπο
Τηο Σεηξήλεο , πνπ ηξαγνπδώληαο αγγειηθά
, μεγεινύζαλ ηνπο λαπηηθνύο γηα λα
ηνπο θάλε
Τελ Σθύιια κε ηα έμη θεθάιηα θαη ηελ
θξηθηή Χάξπβδε.
Τελ Λάγηζζα – ζεά Ιίξθε θαη ηειηθά ηελ
παλέκνξθε λύκθε Ιαιπςώ , πνπ ηνλ
θξάηεζε θπιαθηζκέλν επηά ρξόληα .
Ιαηάθεξε λα θηάζεη ζηελ Θζάθε κόλν
όηαλ ν Πνζεηδώλαο θαη ν Δίαο ηνπ ην
επέηξεςαλ.

22. Ulisses

23. Greek ancient tragedy
Tragedy is an imitation of a
mentionable action , that has a
beginning , a middle and an end .
All these pieces are not by chance
but follow a certain continuity .
Action is the basic point . Through
passion and fear comes ‘’ catharsis
‘’ (relief) , which is a very complex
idea. Catharsis is the situation , in
which audience feels the same
feelings as the persons of the
drama.This is the magnitude of the
tragic heroes . ‘’ Catharsis ‘’ is the
bridge from ignorance to knowing
.Through conflict to the superiors
and total disaster , human being
gains moral freedom and morality
rules.
΄’἖ζηιν οὖν ηπαγωδία
μίμηζιρ ππάξεωρ
ζποςδαίαρ καί ηελείαρ,
μέγεθορ ἐσούζηρ,
ἡδςζμένῳ λόγῳ, σωπὶρ
ἑκάζηῳ η῵ν εἰδὼν ἐν ηοῖρ
μοπίοιρ, δπώνηων καὶ οὐ
δι’ ἀπαγγελίαρ, δι’ ἐλέος
καὶ θόβος πεπαίνοςζα
ηὴν η῵ν ηοιούηων
παθημάηων κάθαπζιν

24. Epidavrus ancient theater

25. Characteristics
Knowledge makes human being
realize :
1) the tragic human ignorance and
how small is human perception (
it’s such an illusion , when
somebody believes that he can
understand totally his situation )
2) human luck instability through
total change
3) human mind incompetence to
realize ‘’ Zeus wish ‘’
Things can change rapidly , because
of : tragic human ignorance , time
issue and passion ,as well
,sleeping deeply in the heart of the
human beast , shaking things like
an earthquake and posing a new
balance afterwards
Τν ζέκα ηεο κεηαβιεηόηεηαο ησλ
πξαγκάησλ ζπλδέεη θαη ηα ηξία
ζέκαηα κεηαμύ ηνπο:
ην ζέκα ηεο ηξαγηθήο αλζξώπηλεο
άγλνηαο, ην ζέκα ηνπ ρξόλνπ,
αιιά θαη ηελ ακθηζεκία ηνπ
βίαηνπ πάζνπο, ην νπνίν
ππνθώζθεη κέζα ζην
αλζξώπηλν «ζεξίν» θαη ην
νπνίν ελίνηε δηαηαξάζζεη ηελ
ηζνξξνπία ησλ πξαγκάησλ,
ελίνηε όκσο παξάγεη θαηλνύξηα
ηζνξξνπία πξνθαιώληαο
απίζαλεο θαηά ηα άιια
ζπγθιίζεηο

26. Tragic human ignorance

27. Tragic heroines
 Antigone : she decides to bury her brother even though this is forbidden by her uncle ,
king Kreon. She will ask her sister’s help , but Ismene is incapable of helping Antigone.
Antigone will play the game by herself .She will bury her brother and choose death
instead of a shameful imprisonment .
 Electra : she will take revenge for her father’s death , using her brother . She will
persuade her brother to kill their own mother and her lover .
 Klytaimistra : she murdered her own husband alongside with her lover and met death
by her own son’s hand .
 Iphigene : a young princess sacrifices herself because of her love for her people .
 Andromache : Trojan queen , beloved Hector’s wife , will become an Achaeans trophy
and sex slave .
 Hecuba : tragic Trojan queen , mourns for all her beloved loss and her country arson
and pillage .
 Medea : she kills her own children to punish her husband Jason , who left her to marry a
younger princess ( she kills the young princess and her father , also ).
 Phaedra : she commits suicide accusing her stepson Hippolyte , though he is innocent ,
punishing him for rejecting her love .

28. Tragic heroines

29. Tragic heroes
 Agamemnon : he sacrifices his own daughter , Iphigene , is a constant
conflict to Achilles , because of his arrogant character , but death meets
him through his wife hand .
 Achilles : arrogant but loyal friend at the same time , spoiled and
selfish but great hero sacrificing his own life for his fellows .
 Ajax : hero at the Trojan war , when humiliated gets mad and commits
suicide .
 Orestes : kills his own mother , taking revenge for the murder of his
father , Agamemnon.
 Jason : seaman king , takes as a bride witch princess Medea , she gives
birth to two children and a few years afterwards she kills them ,
because Jason cheated on Medea .

30. Tragic heroes

31. Antigone Sophocles
 ANTIGONE Yes. Zeus did not announce those laws
to me. [450]
And Justice living with the gods below sent no
such laws for men. I did not
think 510
anything which you proclaimed strong enough
to let a mortal override the gods
and their unwritten and unchanging laws.
They’re not just for today or yesterday,
but exist forever, and no one knows
where they first appeared. So I did not mean
to let a fear of any human will
lead to my punishment among the gods.
I know all too well I’m going to die— [460
 how could I not?—it makes no
difference 520
what you decree. And if I have to die
before my time, well, I count that a gain.
When someone has to live the way I do,
surrounded by so many evil things,
how can she fail to find a benefit
in death? And so for me meeting this fate
won’t bring any pain. But if I’d allowed
my own mother’s dead son to just lie there,
an unburied corpse, then I’d feel distress.W
What’s going on here does not hurt me at all 530 If you
think what I’m doing now is stupid perhaps I’m
being charged with foolishness [470] by someone
who’s a fool.
 (450) ΑΜ. Οὐ γάξ ηί κνη Ζεὺο ἦλ ὁ θεξύμαο
ηάδε,
νὐδ’ ἡ μύλνηθνο η῵λ θάησ ζε῵λ Δίθε
ηνηνύζδ’ ἐλ ἀλζξώπνηζηλ ὥξηζαλ λόκνπο·,
νὐδὲ ζζέλεηλ ηνζνῦηνλ ᾠόκελ ηὰ ζὰ
θεξύγκαζ’ ὥζη’ ἄγξαπηα θἀζθαι῅ ζε῵λ
(455) λόκηκα δύλαζζαη ζλεηὸλ ὄλζ’
ὑπεξδξακεῖλ.
Οὐ γάξ ηη λῦλ γε θἀρζέο, ἀιι’ ἀεί πνηε
δῆ ηαῦηα, θνὐδεὶο νἶδελ ἐμ ὅηνπ ’θάλε.
Τνύησλ ἐγὼ νὐθ ἔκειινλ, ἀλδξὸο νὐδελὸο
θξόλεκα δείζαζ’, ἐλ ζενῖζη ηὴλ δίθελ
(460) δώζεηλ· ζαλνπκέλε γὰξ ἐμῄδε, ηί δ’ νὔ;
θεἰ κὴ ζὺ πξνὐθήξπμαο. Εἰ δὲ ηνῦ ρξόλνπ
πξόζζελ ζαλνῦκαη, θέξδνο αὔη’ ἐγὼ ιέγσ·
ὅζηηο γὰξ ἐλ πνιινῖζηλ ὡο ἐγὼ θαθνῖο
δῆ, π῵ο ὅδ’ νὐρὶ θαηζαλὼλ θέξδνο θέξεη;
(465) Οὕησο ἔκνηγε ηνῦδε ηνῦ κόξνπ ηπρεῖλ
παξ’ νὐδὲλ ἄιγνο· ἀιι’ ἄλ, εἰ ηὸλ ἐμ ἐκ῅ο
κεηξὸο ζαλόλη’ ἄζαπηνλ ἠλζρόκελ λέθπλ,
θείλνηο ἂλ ἤιγνπλ· ηνῖζδε δ’ νὐθ ἀιγύλνκαη.
Σνὶ δ’ εἰ δνθ῵ λῦλ κ῵ξα δξ῵ζα ηπγράλεηλ,
(470) ζρεδόλ ηη κώξῳ κσξίαλ ὀθιηζθάλσ.

32. Antigone

33. Hippolyte Euripides
O Zeus, why hast thou brought into the world to
plague us such a tricksy thing as woman?If
thou didst wish to propagate
mankind,Couldst thou not find some better
way than this?
 We to the temples might have brought our
price In gold or weight of iron or of brass,And
purchased offspring, each to the amount of
that which he has paid; and so have
dweltIn quiet homes unvexed of
womankind.Now, to import a plague into
our homes,First of our substance we make
sacrifice,And here at once we see what
woman is.
 The father that begot her gladly paysA
dowry that he might be rid of her,While he
may bring this slip of evil home.Fond man
adorns with costly ornamentA worthless
idol, and his living wastes to trick her out
in costly finery.
 He has no choice. Are his connections
good,to keep them he must keep a hated
wife; Are his connections bad, he can but
weigh against that evil a good
bedfellow.His is the easiest lot who has to
wife a cipher, a good-natured simpleton;
Quick wits are hateful.
• Θπ. ὦ Ζεῦ, ηί δὴ θίβδεινλ ἀλζξώπνηο θαθὸλ
γπλαῖθαο ἐο θ῵ο ἡιίνπ θαηώηθηζαο;
εἰ γὰξ βξόηεηνλ ἤζειεο ζπεῖξαη γέλνο, νὐθ ἐθ
γπλαηθ῵λ ρξ῅λ παξαζρέζζαη ηόδε,
620 ἀιι' ἀληηζέληαο ζνῖζηλ ἐλ λανῖο βξνηνὺο
ἢ ραιθὸλ ἢ ζίδεξνλ ἢ ρξπζνῦ βάξνο παίδσλ
πξίαζζαη ζπέξµα ηνπ ηηµήµαηνο, η῅ο ἀμίαο
ἕθαζηνλ, ἐλ δὲ δώµαζηλ λαίεηλ ἐιεπζέξνηζη
ζειεη῵λ ἄηεξ. [λῦλ δ' ἐο δόµνπο µὲλ πξ῵ηνλ
ἄμεζζαη θαθὸλ µέιινληεο ὄιβνλ δσµάησλ
ἐθηίλνµελ.] ηνύηση δὲ δ῅ινλ ὡο γπλὴ θαθὸλ
µέγα· πξνζζεὶο γὰξ ὁ ζπείξαο ηε θαὶ ζξέςαο
παηὴξ θεξλὰο ἀπώηθηζ', ὡο ἀπαιιαρζ῅η
θαθνῦ.
630 ὁ δ' αὖ ιαβὼλ ἀηεξὸλ ἐο δόµνπο θπηὸλ
γέγεζε θόζµνλ πξνζηηζεὶο ἀγάιµαηη θαιὸλ
θαθίζηση θαὶ πέπινηζηλ ἐθπνλεῖ δύζηελνο,
ὄιβνλ δσµάησλ ὑπεμειώλ. [ἔρεη δ' ἀλάγθελ·
ὥζηε θεδεύζαο θαι῵ο γαµβξνῖζη ραίξσλ
ζώηδεηαη πηθξὸλ ιέρνο, ἢ ρξεζηὰ ιέθηξα
πελζεξνὺο δ' ἀλσθειεῖοιαβὼλ πηέδεη ηἀγαζ῵η
ηὸ δπζηπρέο.] ῥᾶηζηνλ δ' ὅηση ηὸ µεδέλ· ἀιι'
ἀλσθειὴο εὐεζίαη θαη' νἶθνλ ἵδξπηαη γπλή.

34. Hippolyte

35. Medea Euripides
In vain, my children, have I brought you
up,Borne all the cares and pangs of
motherhood,And the sharp pains of
childbirth undergone.In you, alas, was
treasured many a hopeOf loving sustentation
in my age,Of tender laying out when I was
dead,Such as all men might envy.Those sweet
thoughts are mine no more, for now bereft of
youI must wear out a drear and joyless
life,And you will nevermore your mother
see,Nor live as ye have done beneath her
eye.Alas, my sons, why do you gaze on
me,Why smile upon your mother that last
smile?Ah me! What shall I do? My purpose
meltsBeneath the bright looks of my little
ones.I cannot do it. Farewell, my resolve,I
will bear off my children from this land.Why
should I seek to wring their father's
heart,When that same act will doubly wring
my own?I will not do it. Farewell, my
resolve.What has come o'er me? Shall I let
my foesTriumph, that I may let my friends go
free?I'll brace me to the deed. Base that I
wasTo let a thought of wickedness cross my
soul.Children, go home. Whoso accounts it
wrongTo be attendant at my sacrifice,Let him
stand off; my purpose is unchanged.Forego
my resolutions,
ἄιισο ἄξ΄ ὑκᾶο͵ ὦ ηέθλ΄͵ ἐμεζξεςάκελ͵
ἄιισο δ΄ ἐκόρζνπλ θαὶ θαηεμάλζελ πόλνηο͵ 1030
ζηεξξὰο ἐλεγθνῦζ΄ ἐλ ηόθνηο ἀιγεδόλαο.
ἦ κήλ πνζ΄ ἡ δύζηελνο εἶρνλ ἐιπίδαο
πνιιὰο ἐλ ὑκῖλ͵ γεξνβνζθήζεηλ η΄ ἐκὲ
θαὶ θαηζαλνῦζαλ ρεξζὶλ εὖ πεξηζηειεῖλ͵
δεισηὸλ ἀλζξώπνηζη· λῦλ δ΄ ὄισιε δὴ
γιπθεῖα θξνληίο. ζθῶλ γὰξ ἐζηεξεκέλε
ιππξὸλ δηάμσ βίνηνλ ἀιγεηλόλ η΄ ἐκνί.
ὑκεῖο δὲ κεηέξ΄ νὐθέη΄ ὄκκαζηλ θίινηο
ὄςεζζ΄͵ ἐο ἄιιν ζρ῅κ΄ ἀπνζηάληεο βίνπ.
θεῦ θεῦ· ηί πξνζδέξθεζζέ κ΄ ὄκκαζηλ͵ ηέθλα;
1040
ηί πξνζγειᾶηε ηὸλ παλύζηαηνλ γέισλ;
αἰαῖ· ηί δξάζσ; θαξδία γὰξ νἴρεηαη͵
γπλαῖθεο͵ ὄκκα θαηδξὸλ ὡο εἶδνλ ηέθλσλ.
νὐθ ἂλ δπλαίκελ· ραηξέησ βνπιεύκαηα
ηὰ πξόζζελ· ἄμσ παῖδαο ἐθ γαίαο ἐκνύο.
ηί δεῖ κε παηέξα η῵λδε ηνῖο ηνύησλ θαθνῖο
ιππνῦζαλ αὐηὴλ δὶο ηόζα θηᾶζζαη θαθά;
νὐ δ῅η΄ ἔγσγε. ραηξέησ βνπιεύκαηα.
θαίηνη ηί πάζρσ; βνύινκαη γέιση΄ ὀθιεῖλ
ἐρζξνὺο κεζεῖζα ηνὺο ἐκνὺο ἀδεκίνπο;

36. Medea

37. Electra Sophocles
• But I at least will ne'er refrain my
eyes from weeping, while I
live,Nor yet my voice from
wail;Not while I see this day and
yon bright twinkling stars;But
like a nightingale of its young
brood bereaved,before the gates I
speak them forth to all.O house
of Hades and Persephone,O
Hermes of the abyss, and thou,
dread Curse,And ye Erinyes,
daughters of the gods,Ye dreaded
ones, who lookOn all who perish,
slain unrighteously,On all whose
bed is stealthily defiled,Come ye,
and help avenge my father's
death;Send me my brother here."
ἀιι᾽ νὐ κὲλ δὴ ιήμσ ζξήλσλ
ζηπγεξ῵λ ηε γόσλ,
ἔζη᾽ ἂλ πακθεγγεῖο ἄζηξσλ105
ῥηπάο, ιεύζζσ δὲ ηόδ᾽ ἦκαξ,
κὴ νὐ ηεθλνιέηεηξ᾽ ὥο ηηο ἀεδὼλ
ἐπὶ θσθπηῶ η῵λδε παηξῴσλ
πξὸ ζπξ῵λ ἠρὼ πᾶζη πξνθσλεῖλ.
ὦ δ῵κ᾽ Ἀΐδνπ θαὶ Πεξζεθόλεο,110
ὦ ρζόλη᾽ ἗ξκ῅ θαὶ πόηλη᾽ Ἀξὰ
ζεκλαί ηε ζε῵λ παῖδεο ἖ξηλύεο,
αἳ ηνὺο ἀδίθσο ζλῄζθνληαο ὁξᾶζ᾽,
αἳ ηνὺο εὐλὰο ὑπνθιεπηνκέλνπο,
ἔιζεη᾽, ἀξήμαηε, ηίζαζζε παηξὸο115
θόλνλ ἡκεηέξνπ,
θαί κνη ηὸλ ἐκὸλ πέκςαη᾽ ἀδειθόλ·
• 120

38. Electra

39. Ajax Sophocles
• Woe to the mother, in her close of day,Woe to
her desolate heart, and temples gray,When
she shall hearHer loved one's story whispered
in her ear!"Woe, woe!" will be the cry--No
quiet murmur like the tremulous wail of the
lone bird, the querulous nightingale--But
shrieks that fly piercing, and wild, and loud,
shall mourn the tale;And she will beat her
breast, and rend her hair,Scattering the silver
locks that Time hath left her there.Oh! when
the pride of Græcia's noblest race wanders, as
now, in darkness and disgrace,When
Reason's day Sets rayless--joyless--quenched
in cold decay,Better to die, and sleepThe
never-waking sleep, than linger on and dare
to live, when the soul's life is gone;But thou
shalt weep,Thou wretched father, for thy
dearest son,The best beloved, by inward
Furies torn,The deepest, bitterest curse, thine
ancient house hath borne!
• ὦ κᾶηεξ αἰζρύλαο ἐκᾶο--
• ὥξκαζε παλδάκνπο ἐπὶ βνῦο ἀγειαίαο,
175
• ἦ πνύ ηηλνο λίθαο ἀθάξπσηνλ ράξηλ,
• ἤ ῥα θιπη῵λ ἐλάξσλ
• ςεπζζεῖζ᾽, ἀδώξνηο, εἴη᾽ ἐιαθαβνιίαο;
• ἢ ραιθνζώξαμ κή ηηλ᾽ ἖λπάιηνο
• κνκθὰλ ἔρσλ μπλνῦ δνξὸο ἐλλπρίνηο
180
• καραλαῖο ἐηίζαην ιώβαλ;
• νὔ πνηε γὰξ θξελόζελ γ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀξηζηεξά,
• παῖ Τειακ῵λνο, ἔβαο
• ηόζζνλ, ἐλ πνίκλαηο πίηλσλ· 185
• ἥθνη γὰξ ἂλ ζεία λόζνο· ἀιι᾽ ἀπεξύθνη
• θαὶ Ζεὺο θαθὰλ θαὶ Φνῖβνο Ἀξγείσλ θάηηλ.
• εἰ δ᾽ ὑπνβαιιόκελνη
• θιέπηνπζη κύζνπο νἱ κεγάινη βαζηι῅ο
• ἢ ηᾶο ἀζώηνπ Σηζπθηδᾶλ γελεᾶο,
190
• κὴ κή, ἄλαμ, ἔζ᾽ ὧδ᾽ ἐθάινηο θιηζίαηο
• ὄκκ᾽ ἔρσλ θαθὰλ θάηηλ ἄξῃ.

40. Ajax

41. Crossing through space and
time, we are now at the
Ottoman Empire and Turkish
nation.
We can see lots of legends and
poems leaning on human soul
here ,too.
Yer ve zamanda yolculuk
yaptıktan sonra şimdi Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu ve Türk
devletindeyiz.
Burada da insan ruhuna
dayanan birçok efsane ve şiir
örnekleri görebiliriz.

42. A millenium of Turkish
literature
A millenium
of Turkish
history

43. TURKISH FOLK
LITERATURE is an oral
tradition deeply rooted,in its
form,in Central Asian nomadic
traditions. Here are dragons,
giants, witches, villains, weird
creatures-but also innocent
children, lovable characters,
romantic lovers, and guardian
angels. The vision can change
from perfect clarity to trompe
l'oeil .
TURK HALK EDEBİYATI ,
Orta Asya’nın göçebe
geleneklerini almış sözsel
edebiyattır. Ejderhalar, devler,
cadılar, tuhaf yaratıklarla
karşılaşacağımız gibi;masum
çocuklar, sevgi dolu
karakterler,romantik aşıklar
ve koruyucu meleklerle de
karşılaşırız.Görüntü tam bir
netlikten bir göz yanılmasına
geçebilir.

44. Turkish folk singers
Turkish folk singers

45. Frequently one gets the
impression that these are stories
generated by a static society, but
then one finds a dizzyingly
dynamic tale of quest that
reflects a nomadic culture and
its disquietude. The collection
oscillates between realism and
surrealism. A goodly number
possess political criticism,
whereas a few are straight love
stories. Fatalism alternates with
a defiant, almost revolutionary,
spirit. Many belong to the pure
"masal" (tale) genre told for
pleasure while some are "mesel"
(parables with a moral).
Hikayelerin durgun ve sabit bir
toplumun ürünü olduğu
izlenimine varılsa da ,
birdenbire karşımıza göçebe
hayat ve onun belirsizliklerini
yansıtan hikayeler de çıkar.
Eserler realizm ve sürrealizm
arasında gidip gelir . Birçoğu
politik eleştiriler yaparken
bazıları da aşkla ilgili
hikayelerdir. Kadercilik ve
meydan okuyan , yenilikçi bir
ruh birbirini izler. Bazıları
sadece keyif için anlatılan
‘masal’lardır, bazılarıysa
ahlaksal ya da dinsel ders veren
‘mesel’lerdir.

46. The first oral literature in early
Turkish periods is produced during
the religious rituals. Religious people
play saz, called ‘kopuz' and they tell
poems. But most of the poems,
proverbs, epics etc. are carried into
written forms hundreds of years
later.So,we can only reach the ones in
the written forms.
Eski Türk dönemlerinde ilk sözlü
edebiyat dini ritüeller süresince
ortaya çıkmıştır. Dindar insanlar
‘kopuz’denilen sazlar çalarlar ve
şiirler okurlar.Fakat şiirler,
atasözleri, destanlar gibi eserler
yüzlerce yıl sonra yazılı dile
geçirilmiştir. Bu yüzden, bizler
sadece yazılı olanlarına
ulaşabilmekteyiz.

47. During this period, poems, music and
religion are closely related to each other.
The main topics of the poems are nature,
death, love, religious beliefs, heroism etc.
The poems have different names:
Sagu: It is a kind of funeral song. These
poems are told after the death of a
person. ln these poems, people explain
how brave the dead person was, and how
sad they are after his death. So, sagu is a
poem that is about death and sadness.
Koşuk: lt is a kind of poem that is told
during the feast before and after hunting.
ln these poems, the main themes are
heroism, nature, war and love.
Bu dönem boyunca, şiirler, müzik ve
din birbiriyle iç içedir. Şiirlerin ana
konusu; doğa,ölüm,aşk,dini inançlar,
kahramanlık vs. O dönemlerde ki
şiirler farklı isimlerle adlandırılır:
Sagu :Bir çeşit cenaze şarkısıdır(yuğ).
Bu şiirler bir kişinin ölümünün
ardından söylenir. Şiirlerde , ölen
kişinin ne kadar cesur olduğundan ve
insanların onun ölümünün ardından
duydukları acı anlatılır.Bu yüzden,
sagu, ölüm ve keder ile ilgilidir.
Koşuk :Avlanmadan önce ve sonra
düzenlenen ziyafetler boyunca
söylenen şiirlerdir.Bu şiirlerde ana
konular kahramanlık,doğa,savaş ve
aşktır.

48. Folk poetry

49. Sav: These are the proverbs of that term.
Epic: Epics are literary works which
contain important events and cultural
elements for nations. An epic is a lengthy
narrative poem and ordinarily concern a
serious subject containly details of heroic
deeds and significant cultural and national
events. Old Turks are warriors and
nomads, they are involved in various wars,
they are busy with hunting and animal
breeding. Their difficult adventurous lives
are reflected in the epics.
Sav: O zamanın özdeyişleridir.
Destan : Destanlar ülkelerin önemli
olaylarını ve kültürel öğelerini içeren
edebi eserlerdir.Destan uzun epic bir
şiirdir ve genellikle kahramanlıkla ilgili
şeyler ile önemli kültürel ve doğasal
olayları ele alır. Eski Türkler savaşçı ve
göçebe insanlardır, birçok savaşta yer
almışlardır,avlanma ve hayvancılıkla
uğraşırlar.Destanlarda onların bu zor,
maceracı yaşamları anlatılır.

50. Epic poetry

51. The Orkhon inscriptions are known
as the oldest examples of Old Turkic
alphabet.They are two memorial
installations erected by the
Gökturks ,dating from the late 7th
arid early 8th centuries.
The Orhun monumental inscriptions
written for Tonyukuk, Kültigin and
for Bilge Khagan ,are masterpieces of
Turkish literature with their subject
matter and perfect style. The most
important contemporary testimony of
‘Tengri’ worship is found in the
Orkhon inscriptions.
Orhun Yazıtları , eski Türk
alfabesinin en eski örnekleri
olarak bilinir. 7 ve 8. yüzyıldan
kalan ve Göktürkler tarafından
Tonyukuk , Kültigin ve Bilge Kağan
için yazılmış anıtsal
yapıtlardır.Orhun Yazıtları, konusu
ve kusursuz uslubuyla Türk
Edebiyatının şaheseri sayılır.
Günümüzdeki Tanrı ibadetinin en
önemli delilleri Orhun Yazıtlarında
bulunur.

52. Orkhon inscriptions
Orkhon
inscriptions

53. TURKISH MYTHOLOGY is the body
of myths and teachings that belong
to the Turkic people. Turkic
mythology embraces Tengriist and
Shamanist traditions as well as all
cultural and social subjects being a
nomad folk. Especially after Turkic
migration, some of the myths are
decorated with Islamic symbols. It
has many common points with
Aegean and Anatolian mythologies
(Green and Hittite) as well as
Mongol mythology. Turkic
mythology is influenced by other
local mythologies, such as Tatar.
TÜRK MİTOLOJİSİ tarihi Türk
halklarının inanmış oldukları
mitolojik bütüne verilen
isimdir.Türk mitolojisi Tengricilik
ve Şamanistlik öğelerini
taşımasının yanısıra, göçebe bir
hayat sürüldüğünden kültürel ve
sosyal temalarla doludur. Özellikle
Türk göçünden sonra, bazı
efsaneler İslamiyet sembolleriyle
süslenmiştir. Ege ve Anadolu
mitolojileriyle (özellikle Yunan ve
Hitit) ortak noktalar gösterir,Tatar
mitolojisi gibi diğer mitolojilerin
etkisi de görülür.

54. Turkish mythology
Turkish mythology

55. Some of the Gods and Goddesses
in Turkish Mythology
Tengri is one of the names for the
primary chief deity in the religion of the
early Turkic people.
Umay is the goddess of fertility and
virginity.
Kayra is the Spirit of God and creator of
god.
Bai-Ulgan is the son of Kayra and the
god of goodness.
Erlik is the god of death and
underworld.
Ay Dede is the moon god
Gün Ana is the sun god
Türk Mitolojisindeki bazı Tanrı ve
Tanrıçalar
Tengri eski Türk ler için ilk
sıradaki ,en önemli ilahtır.
Umay bereket ve dogurganlık
tanrıçasıdır.
Kayra Tanrı’nın ruhu ve
yaratıcısıdır.
Bai Ulgan Kayra’nın oğlu ve iyilik
tanrısıdır.
Erlik ölüm ve yer altı tanrısıdır.
Ay Dede ay tanrısıdır.
Gün Ana güneş tanrıçasıdır.

56. Ancient Gods

57. The WOLF (Böri) symbolizes
honour and is also considered
the mother of most Turkish
people.
In BOZKURT LEGEND, ‘Aseana’
(Ashina Tuwu) is known as the
wolf mother of Bumen, the first
Khan of the Göktürks.
In ERGENEKON LEGEND, when
Göktürks are about to die out,
they are reborn from the wolf,
and they maintain Turk
descendants.
Türk edebiyatında ‘KURT’; onuru,
şerefi simgeler ve Kurt çoğu
Türk’ün anası olarak düşünülür.
BOZKURT DESTANInda ‘Asena’
Göktürklerin ilk hükümdarı olan
Bumen’in annesi olarak bilinir.
ERGENEKON DESTANI’nda
Göktürkler nesli tükenmek
üzereyken, kurttan tekrar
çoğalırlar ve Türk soyları böylece
devam eder.

59. The HORSE is also one of the
main figures of Turkic mythology.
In early times, Turks consider the
horse as an extension of the
individual-generally dedicated to
the male- and they think one is
complete with it.The horse is
believed to be created from the
wind. So ‘horse’ has got the
strength and speed of the wind.
Horses take important parts in
legends and tales. For example
Aşkar (Battal Ghazi’s horse), Kırat
(Köroğlu’s horse), Akkula (Manas
Han’s horse) and so on.
‘AT’ da Türk mitolojisindeki ana
figürlerden biridir. Geçmişte,
Türkler ‘at’ı kendilerinin bir
uzantısı olarak görürler-genellikle
erkeklere özgüdür- ve onunla
‘tam’ olduklarını düşünürler.
‘At’ın rüzgardan yaratıldığına
inanılır. Böylece rüzgarın gücü ve
hızı ata geçmiştir. Atlar efsane ve
masallarda önemli yer tutar.
Örneğin Aşkar (Battal Gazi’nin
atı), Kırat (Köroğlu’nun atı),
Akkula (Manas Han’ın atı) vs.

60. Horse legends

61. The DRAGON (Evren, Ebren), which
is a typically snake –like or lizard-
like legendery creature, is the
symbol of might and power in
Turkish mythology. It is believed,
especially in mountainous Central
Asia, that dragons still live in the
mountains! Dragons also symbolize
the god Tengri (Tanrı) in ancient
Turkic tradition, although dragons
themselves are not worshiped as
gods.However later in time ,
dragons become the symbol of the
danger and enemy thas has to be
overcome.
EJDERHA , genellikle yılan ya da
dev kertenkele biçiminde efsanevi
bir yaratıktır ve
Türk mitolojsinde güç ve kuvvetin
simgesidir.Dağlarla kaplı Orta
Asya’da ejdarhaların hala
varolduğuna inanılır. Eski Türk
geleneğinde ejdarhalar ayrıca
‘Tanrı’yı sembolize ederler,
bununla birlikte Tanrı olarak
tapılmazlar. Fakat zamanla ,
ejderhalar üstesinden gelinmesi
gereken bir düşman ya da
tehlikenin sembolü haline
gelmişlerdir.

62. Dragon legends

63. KÖROĞLU is a poet who lives
in Anatolia. The name Köroğlu
literally means "Son of a Blind
Man". Although there are two
different well-known Köroğlu
figures in Turkish history, they
are combined in one unique
character in Turkish people's
mind. Köroğlu is known as a
hero who is against the unfair
rulers.
KÖROĞLU, Anadolu’da
yaşamış bir şairdir.Türk
tarihinde bilinen iki Köroğlu
figürü olmasına rağmen,
Türklerin zihninde tek bir
karakter olarak şekillenmiştir.
Köroğlu insafsız yöneticilere
karşı savaşan bir kahraman
olarak bilinir.

65. In the EPIC of KÖROĞLU , it is told
that, Köroğlu's father is the hostler of
the Lord of Bolu. When the lord does
not appreciate the horse that is
bought by Köroğlu's father, he makes
the father blind. When Köroğlu grows
up, he trains the horse and promises
to take revenge of his father. He starts
to live in mountains, his fame spreads
and he becomes a hero who takes
from unfair rich people in order to
give the poor. (The epic combines the
occasional romance with Robin Hood-
like chivalry.) It is said that, when gun
and rifle are invented, Köroğlu vanish
off the face of the earth by saying
courage and chivalry have been lost.
KÖROĞLU DESTANI’nda, Köroğlu’nun
babasının Bolu Beyi’nin seyisi olduğu
söylenir.Bolu Beyi, Köroğlu’nun
babasının aldığı atı beğenmez ve
babasının gözlerini kör eder.Köroğlu
büyüyünce o atı eğitir ve babasının
öcünü almaya yemin eder. Dağlarda
yaşamaya başlar, ünü yayılır, adaletsiz
zenginlerden alıp fakirlere veren bir
kahraman olur. (Destan bu yönde
Robin Hood maceraları ile benzerlik
gösterir.)Silah ve tüfek icat
edildiğinde, Köroğlu’nun ‘cesaret
cömertlik yok oldu’ diyerek bu
dünyadan kaybolduğu söylenir.

66. In Köroğlu's poems; courage,
friendship, love, nature, and
revenge are told in a lyrical and
simple language. Here is a well-
known Köroğlu poem in which
he addresses to Lord of Bolu:
From me, to Lord of Bolu,
here is greetings,
It is needed to snuggle those
mountains.
Thanks to creak of arrow,
voice of shield,
Should give out sound, the
mountains.
Köroğlu’nun şiirlerinde; cesaret,
dostluk, aşk,doğa ve intikam
konuları lirik ve basit bir dille
anlatılır. Köroğlu’nun Bolu Beyi’ne
yazdığı bir şiir :
Benden selam olsun Bolu
Bey'ine
Çıkıp şu dağlara yaslanmalıdır
Ok gıcırtısından kalkan sesinden
Dağlar seda verip seslenmelidir.

67. The EPIC of TIMUR (Temir) ise
one of the most ancient and well
known legends. The legend is
about the Mongol ruler Timur, his
battles and relations with other
nations. In the legend, Timur
finds a strange stone that falls
from the sky
( an iron ore meteorite) and
makes the first Iron sword from
it. Today, the word ‘demir’
means ‘iron’.
TİMUR DESTANI en eski ve en
bilinen Türk destanlarından biridir.
Destanda, Moğol hükümdarı
Timur’un yaptığı savaşlar ve diğer
milletlerle ilişkileri anlatılır.
Efsanede Timur, gökyüzünden
düşen tuhaf bir taş bulur (demir
maden bir göktaşı) ve ondan ilk
demir kılıcı yapar. Bugün ‘demir’
kelimesi İngilizce’de ‘iron’
demektir.

68. The EPIC OF MANAS is the
longest epic in the world. The
legend tells the story of Kyrgyz
Manas, who is believed to be a
hero when he is a child. I is said
that Manas is cheated and killed by
his companions. The animals cry for
him at his grave and Goktanrı (the
Tengri of Sun ) revives him , and
then Manas follows his friends to
take revenge.
MANAS DESTANI dünyannın en
uzun destanıdır. Destanda daha
küçük yaştan kahraman olacağı
bilinen Kırgız Manas'ın hikâyesi
anlatılmaktadır. Manas'ın dostları
tarafından ihanete uğratılıp
öldürüldüğü söylenir. Mezarı
başında ağlayan hayvanlar
Manas'a ağıt yakarlar ve Göktanrı
acıyarak Manas'ı diriltir. Manas da
kendisine ihanet eden dostlarının
peşine düşer.

69. The EPIC of OGHUZ KHAN is a
central polical mythology for Turkic
people of CentralAsia.The epic is
about Oghuz Khan, who is believed
the father of the Turks, and his
bravery. Oghuz Khan is a legendary
and semi-mythological Khan of the
Turks. Some Turkic cultures use
this legend to describe their ethnic
origins and the origin of the
system of poltical clans used by
Turkmen, Ottoman and other
Oghuz Turks. The various versions
of the narrative preserved in many
different manuscripts has been
published in numerous languages.
The epic gives information about
Oghuz Turks, Turkish language,
literature, folklore, history, and
culture.
OĞUZ KAĞAN DESTANI, Orta Asya
Türkleri için başlıca politik
destanlardan biridir. Destan, Türklerin
atası olduğuna inanılan Oğuz Han ve
onun kahramanlıklarıyla ilgilidir. Oğuz
Han, efsanevi ve yarı mitolojik bir
Türk kağanıdır. Bazı Türk kültürlerine
göre bu destan Türkmenler,
Osmanlılar, ve diğer Oğuz Türkleri
tarafından kullanılan siyasi klan
sistemi ve etnik kaynakları tanımlar.
Destan, Oğuz boyları, Türk Dili
Edebiyatı, folkloru, tarihi ve kültürü
hakkında bilgi verir. El yazmalarında
muhafaza edilen öykünün bir çok
değişik versiyonu sayısız dile
çevrilmiştir.

70. According to the legend, Oghuz,
born in Central Asia, is the leader of
the Turks. He starts talking as soon
as he is born.He stops drinking his
mother’s milk after the first time
and asks for ‘kımız’(an alcholic
beverage mode with horse milk)
and raw meat. He has got ‘a horned
crawn’ symbolizing power. He
grows supernaturally fast and only
in 40 days, he becomes a young
adult. After Oghuz kills the strong,
dragon, named Kıyant, he becomes
a national hero. He becomes the
khan, he marries two
supernaturally beatifull girls, he has
six sons. Their names are Sun,
Moon, Star, Sky, Mountain and Sea!
Efsaneye göre; Orta Asya’da doğan
Oğuz Han Türklerin lideridir. Doğar
doğmaz konuşmaya başlar. Anne
sütünü bir kez içer ve ilk içişinden
sonra kımız ve çiğ et ister. Gücü
simgeleyen boynuzlu bir tacı vardır.
Olağanüstü hızlı bir şekilde büyür ve
sadece 40 günde genç bir yetişkin olur.
Oğuz, Kıyant denilen güçlü ve büyük
bir yaratık olan gergedanı öldürdükten
sonra ulusal bir kahraman olur. Pek çok
boya adlarını o verir.( Uygur, Kanglı,
Kıpçak, Kalaç, Karluk). Kağan olur,
olağanüstü güzel iki kadınla evlenir, altı
oğlu olur. Oğullarına Gün, Ay, Yıldız,
Gök, Dağ, Deniz isimlerini verir.

71. After his sons are born, Oghuz
Khan gives a great feast and he
gives this order to his lords:
I have become your Khan
Let’s all take swords and shields
Kut (divine power) will be ousign
Grey wolf will be our uran (wacry)
Our iron lances will be a forest
Khulan will walk on the hunting
ground
More seas and more rivers
Sun is our flag and sky is our tent.
Oğuz Han oğulları doğduktan sonra
büyük bir ziyafet verir, tüm Türk
boylarını davet eder ve şu buyruğu
verir:
Ben sizin Kağanınız oldum
Hepimiz kılıç ve kalkanlarımızı alalım
Kurt bizim sembolümüz
Gri kurt bizim uranımız
Demir mızraklar orman olacak
Daha fazla deniz, daha fazla nehir
Güneş bizim bayrağımız, gök bizim
çadırımız.

73. The BOOK of DEDE KORKUT , ist
the most famous epic stories of
the Oghuz Turks. The stories carry
morals and values significant to
the social lifestyle of the nomadic
Turks and their pre-Islamic
beliefs. The book consists of a
series of epics (12 epics), orally
told and transferred over the
generations before published as a
book. In the stories of Dede
Korkut ; mythology and epic,
legend and story, tale and story
are mixed altogether.
DEDE KORKUT HİKAYELERİ, Oğuz
Türkleri’nin en ünlü destansı
hikayeleridir. Hikayeler, göçebe
Türkler ve onların İslamiyet öncesi
inanışları için önemli olan manevi
ve ahlaki değerler taşır. Kitap 12
hikayeden oluşur, bunlar kitap
olarak basılmadan önce sözlü
olarak anlatılmış ve nesilden
nesile aktarılmıştır. Hikayelerde;
mitoloji ve destan, efsane ve
hikaye, hikaye ve masal iç içedir.

74. DEDE KORKUT is the first teller of
the stories. He is wise and
prescient. People ask for his
advice and ideas about
important issues. Language is
quite simple in the book. In the
epics, it is mentioned about daily
lives of the people, their
religious believes, the battles,
fighting with creatures, heroism
etc.
DEDE KORKUT hikayelerin ilk
anlatıcısı olarak bilinir. Çok
akıllıdır ve kehanet gücü vardır.
İnsanlar önemli konularla ilgili
ondan tavsiye isterler. Kitaptaki
dil oldukça yalındır. Hikayelerde,
insanların günlük yaşamları, dini
inanışları, savaşlar, yaratıklarla
mücadeleleri, kahramanlık gibi
konulardan bahsedilir.

76. TEPEGOZ is a legendary creature in
Turkic mythology who has only one eye
on his forehead.He is an ogre that
appears in the Book of Dede Korkut, a
famous epic story of the Oghuz Turks.In
this epic,Tepegoz starts to kill everybody
when he grows , so the khans of Oghuz
people decide to banish him forever.But
nobody is able to kill him.The sword
cannot cut him,the arrow cannot kill
him.His skin is very hard.Half of the all
Oghuz hereos die trying to kill
Tepegoz.Just one man is able to kill him-
a hero called Basat.He kills terrible
Tepegoz by striking his eye.Then he cuts
off his head with a magical sword and
thus he saves not only himself but also
his nation from the terror of Tepegoz.
TEPEGÖZ, Türk mitolojisinde alnında
tek bir gözü olan efsanevi bir
yaratıktır.Dede Korkut hikayelerinde,
Oğuz Türklerinin ünlü bir destanında
görülen bir ‘dev’dir.Bu destanda,
Tepegöz büyüdüğünde herkesi
öldürmeye başlar, bu yüzden de Oğuz
Kağan halkı onu sonsuza dek yok
etmeye karar verir.Fakat kimse onu
öldüremez.Kılıç onu kesmez, ok ona
işlemez.Derisi çok serttir.Oğuz
kahramanlarının yarısı tepegözü
öldürmeye çalışırken ölürler.Sadece
Basat adında bir kahraman onu
öldürebilir.Basat ,Tepegözü ancak
gözünden vurarak öldürebilir.Sihirli bir
kılıçla kafasını keser, böylece sadece
kendini değil tüm ulusu Tepegözün
gazabından kurtarır.

77. The warriors of the Oghuz and
battles against Tepegoz
dercribed are likely grounded in
the conflicts between the
Pechenegs and Kipchaks.The
story elements bear
resemblance to the encounter
with the Cyclops in Homer’s
Odeyssey.It is believed to have
been influenced by the Greek
epic or to have one common
ancestral root.
Oğuz savaşçıları ve Tepegöze
karşı yapılan mücadeleler
Peçenkler ve Kıpçaklar
arasındaki çekişmeye
dayanır.,Homer’in Odyssey
destanındaki Kiklop ile yapılan
çatışmayla benzerlik gösterir.
Hikayenin Yunan destanından
etkiler taşıdığına ve ortak bir
köke sahip olduklarına inanılır.

78. SEYYİD BATTAL GHAZI, is a
mythical leader, an important
figure and warrior in Anatolia. He
is believed to have lived in the
8th century. ‘Battal’ means ‘hero’
in Arabic. The legend of Battal
Ghazi is based on the exploits of
Umayyad military leader
Abdallah al-Battal. In the legend,
Battal Ghazi is an intellectual,
religious and generous hero. He
both struggles to expand Islam
and fights against extraordinary
power such as giants, witches
etc.
SEYYİD BATTAL GAZİ, Anadolu’ da
görülen mitik bir lider, önemli bir
figür ve savaşçıdır. Battal Gazi’nin
8. yüzyılda yaşadığı tahmin
edilmektedir. ‘Battal’ Arapça’ da ‘
kahramanlık’ demektir. Battal Gazi
Destanı, Emevi lideri Abdullah al-
Batal ‘ın serüvenlerine
dayanmaktadır. Destanda Battal
Gazi, bilgin, dinine bağlı ve cömert
bir kahramandır. Hem
Müslümanlığı yaymak için savaşır,
hem de dev, büyücü gibi olağanüstü
güçlere karşı mücadele eder.

79. MINSTREL (AŞIK) is a kind of
poet seen in the Turkish Folk
Literature since the beginning of
11th century. It is believed that
minstrel takes his quality of poet
by drinking the ‘love wine’
served by the sage in his dream
and by seeing the image of his
lover. Minstrels perform songs
whose Iyrics tell stories of
distant places or of existing or
imaginary historical events. They
usually sing songs about love,
nature, heroism and play a saz (
a folkloric musical instrument),
by walking around from village
to village, town to town.
AŞIK, Türk Halk Edebiyatında 11.
yüzyılın başından bu yana görülen
bir çeşit halk ozanıdır. ’Aşık’ ın şair
niteliğini, rüyasında bir bilge
tarafından verilen ‘aşk şarabı’
içerek ve sevgilisinin suretini
görerek aldığına inanılır. Aşıklar,
uzak diyarlar, var olan ya da hayal
ürünü tarihi olaylar ile ilgili
hikayeler anlatan şarkılar
söylerler. Aşıklar genellikle aşk,
doğa, kahramanlıkla ilgili eserler
üretirler ve ellerinde sazları ile
diyar diyar dolaşarak sanatlarını
icra ederler.

80. Much of the poetry and song of
the aşık/ozan tradition remains
anonymous. There are, however,
a few well-known aşıks from that
time whose names survive
together with their written
works: Köroğlu, Karacaoğlan,
Dadaloğlu etc.
Despite the decline of the
aşık/ozan tradition in the 19th
century ,it experiences a
significant revival in the 20th
century thanks to such
outstanding figures as Aşık
Veysel, Aşık Mahsuni and many
others.
Şiir ve Aşık edebiyatı geleneği
anonim olarak günümüze
gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte yazılı
eserleriyle elimize ulaşan ünlü
aşıklarımız da
vardır.Köroğlu,Karacaoğlan,
Dadaloğlu vb.
19. yüzyılda Aşık edebiyatı
azalmaya başlamasına rağmen,
Aşık Veysel,Aşık Mahsuni ve diğer
birçok ozanlarımız sayesinde 20.
yüzyılda da bu geleneğin devamı
görülebilir.

81. The Turkish Folk Literature
which has survived till our day,
reflect the influence of Islam.
They also reflects the new life
style and form of the traditional
literature of Central Asia after
the adaption of Islam. It is
strongly influenced by the
Islamic Sufi and Shi'a traditions.
Türk Halk Edebiyatının günümüze
kadar gelen eserleri İslamiyetin
etkilerini yansıtır. Ayrıca,
İslamiyetin kabul edilmesinden
sonra Orta Asya’nın yeni yaşam
tarzını ve geleneksel edebiyat
örneklerinin özelliklerini de
gösterir. Sufi ve Şii geleneğinden
büyük ölçüde etkilenmiştir

82. Conclusion
Studying both civilizations , we realized that as
many the differences as much the similarities ,
between two neighbours !!
Heroes and beautiful ladies , supernatural creatures ,
both good and evil , minstrels travelling all over
countries singing their stories !!!
It was an exciting and joyful journey through time
and borders!!!

83. A happy end !!!