21 2009 8 8 9
1 2 3 3
1 2 3

1
• 10:00 11:00
• 11:00 12:00
• Funnel 13:00 14:30
• FIO 15:00 16:30
• 16:30 17:00
• 17:30 18:00
• 18:00 19:00

2
• 10:00 12:00
• 13:00 16:00
• 16:30 18:00
• 18:00 19:00

1/2
Gainer I/O 1
USB A-B A-miniB 1
SAD-01 1
SPP-100
SKS-140
330Ω 1
150Ω 2
10kΩ 1
10kΩ B 1
CdS 5mm 1
LED 1

2/2
KMX52-1050 1
LED OSTA71A1D-A 1
GP2Y0A21 1
RBSCGP 1
6mm 1

• 1970
• 1993 2004
–
–
–
• IAMAS 2004
–
–

GAINER
GainerBook Labo 2007 2008

Making Things Talk
Arduino
Tom Igoe 2008

Make Volume 04
Sketch
2008

Make Volume 05
Sketch / Prototype
2008

Make Volume 06
Prototyping Lab:
2009

Make Volume 07
Prototyping Lab: Jamming Gear
2009

•
•
•

• ITP*1 Tom Igoe
•
1
•
• 1
*1 Interactive Telecommunications Program

•
•
LED
•
I/O PC

1 Mountain Guitar
•
•
–
–
• I/O PC
• IAMAS
• CG

1 Mountain Guitar
• Ars Electronica 2007 campus2.0
• IAMAS
• 2007
• 11

2 Jamming Gear
• ×
•
–
–
• ×FIO×Max/MSP×PC
• Ars Electronica 2009 Digital Music
Honorary Mention

3
•
•
• ×XBee×Funnel×PC
• Make: Tokyo Meeting 01-02
IAMAS Gangu Project

•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
littleBits coffemaker*2
*2 http://www.vimeo.com/1389390

•
–
–
•
–
–

PC
• ASCII
• 1
bps

Alto (1973)
http://toastytech.com/guis/

•
ActionScript C C++ Java
•
•

•
•

•
– Flash
– Processing
– Max/MSP
•
– Gainer
– Arduino
– Phidgets

Arduino Wiring PIC
program
A
a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;
B
C
D

PC Arduino Wiring
program
A
a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;
B
C
D
PC
program
a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;

Arduino
SparkFun Electronics

I/O PC Gainer Phidgets
A
B
C
D
PC
program
a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;

Phidgets

Gainer
• I/O
•
– ActionScript 2/3
– Processing
– Max/MSP

Gainer I/O

I/O

I/O

LED

• 2008 8
130
•
–
–
–

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2 3

HELLO!!
• 2007.12.22-23
•
• 19
•
• Processing×Funnel×Gainer I/O

•
•
•
• OK

2008

•
– 2
– GND
– V

•
–
– A

•
–
– Ω

• 1,000 1kΩ
• 1,000,000 1MΩ
• 1,000
1
1mA
• 1,000,000
1
50µA

•
•

+5V GND

LED

•
•
–
–
–

•
•
•

LED

LED
• LED
20mA
•
•
•

V =I ×R
• V V
• I A
• R Ω

− LED = LED ×R
R
− LED
R=
LED
5.0V LED 1.8V 10mA
5 − 1.8 3.2
R= = =
0.01 0.01

LED

• +5V
• GND
•

LED NG

LED

LED
7

physical × wonderfl
•
•

wonderfl
http://wonderfl.net
•
• Flash
–
– fork
• 2008 12 9,000
28,000 AS3

physical × wonderfl
http://physical.wonderfl.net
• IAMAS
• wonderfl
– Funnel
–
– GUI
• 2009 7 24

• wonderfl
–
–
• IAMAS wxp
–
– hoonida-kim
–

physical × wonderfl
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

•
•
•

physical × wonderfl
• http://tinyurl.com/nbspoe
• http://tinyurl.com/nho2rx

Funnel
Gainer
• Gainer
•
•
•

Funnel
•
•
•

Funnel
•
–
–
–
–
•

Funnel
•
•
•

Funnel
Sketching User Experiences
Getting the Design Right and the Right Design
Bill Buxton Morgan Kaufmann Pub 2007

Funnel
Bill Buxton, Sketching User Experiences (2008)

Funnel
•
– Convolution
– SetPoint
– Scaler
– Osc
• I/O

Funnel

ActionScritpt 3 Processing
• ActionScript 3
–
–
–
• Processing
–
–
– Java

•
•
•

Gainer
1
var lastState = -1; //
var t = 127; //
var h = 20; //
var gio = new Gainer();
function loop():void {
var state = lastState;
var val = gio.analogInput[0]; // 0
if (val < (t - h)) //
state = 0; // 0
else if (val > (t + h)) //
state = 1; // 1
if (lastState == 0 && state == 1) // 0 1
sound.start(); //
lastState = state; //
}

Funnel
2
var gio = new Gainer();
//
gio.addFilter(new SetPoint(0.5, 0.1));
//
gio.addEventListener(RISING_EDGE, onButtonPress);
//
function onButtonPress(e:Event):void {
sound.start(); //
}

UI
•
•
•
• LED
• LED
• H

UI
3 LED
var gio:Gainer = new Gainer();
//
gio.button.addEventListener(PRESS, function(e:Event):void {
gio.led.blink(200, 1); // LED 200ms 1
});
//
gio.button.addEventListener(LONG_PRESS, function(e:Event):void {
gio.led.blink(200, 3); // LED 200ms 3
});

Gainer I/O
2
• din 0 1 2
–
–
• ain 0 1 256
–
–

din 0

din 0

•
•
– rising edge
– falling edge

Funnel
http://tinyurl.com/no7bvt
4
var gio:Gainer = new Gainer();
gio.digitalInput(0).addEventListener(RISING_EDGE, function(e:Event):void {
// 0 1
});
gio.digitalInput(0).addEventListener(FALLING_EDGE, function(e:Event):void {
// 1 0
});

ain 0

ain 0

ain 0
• SignalScope http://tinyurl.com/kovuvl
•
• ain 1
•

ain 0 CdS

ain 0 CdS

ain 0 CdS
http://tinyurl.com/mbh74x
•
• SignalScope
•
•

Scaler
http://tinyurl.com/ktt7w8
5 Scaler
gio = new Gainer();
gio.analogInput(0).filters = [new Scaler(0.2, 0.6, 0, 1, Scaler.LINEAR, true)];

•
–
–
•

SetPoint
http://tinyurl.com/mku948
6 SetPoint
gio = new Gainer();
gio.analogInput(0).filters = [new SetPoint([0.5, 0.1])];
gio.analogInput(0).addEventListener(RISING_EDGE, onRisingEdge);
gio.analogInput(0).addEventListener(FALLING_EDGE, onFallingEdge);

ain 0

ain 0

ain 0

ain 0
• PSD
•

ain 0

ain 0

ain 0 SoftPot

ain 0 SoftPot

ain 0 SoftPot
•
•
•

ain

ain

•
•

http://tinyurl.com/l2ojfc
•
• -1 +1
• sin
•

•
• LPF
• HPF

Convolution
http://tinyurl.com/nb6xto
7 Convolution
gio = new Gainer();
gio.analogInput(0).filters = [new Convolution(Convolution.MOVING_AVERAGE)];

8
public function GainerAccelerometer() {
gio = new Gainer();
board = new Shape();
...
this.addChild(board);
var smoother:Convolution = new Convolution(Convolution.MOVING_AVERAGE);
var scaler:Scaler = new Scaler(0.30, 0.70, -1, 1, Scaler.LINEAR, true);
gio.analogInput(1).filters = [smoother, scaler];
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, loop);
}
private function loop(event:Event):void {
board.rotation = Math.asin(gio.analogInput(1).value) / Math.PI * 180;
}

Gainer I/O
2
• dout 0 1 2
– LED
–
• aout 0 255 256 *3
– LED
–
*3 PWM

9 I/O LED
public function GainerLED() {
...
var circle:Sprite = new Sprite();
...
this.addChild(circle);
circle.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, mousePressed);
circle.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, mouseReleased);
}
private function mousePressed(e:MouseEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 1;
}
private function mouseReleased(e:MouseEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 0;
}

10 I/O LED LED button.fla
public function GainerLED() {
gio = new Gainer();
gio.button.addEventListener(PinEvent.RISING_EDGE, buttonPressed);
gio.button.addEventListener(PinEvent.FALLING_EDGE, buttonReleased);
}
private function buttonPressed(e:PinEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 1;
}
private function buttonReleased(e:PinEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 0;
}

dout 0 LED

dout 0 LED

http://tinyurl.com/mtrq6f

aout 0 LED

aout 0 LED

http://tinyurl.com/nbspoe

Osc LED
http://tinyurl.com/nh4287

Flash IDE
• wonderfl
• wonderfl
•
• fla
•

FIO 1
EIC-801 1
1
1
XBee 2
XBee Explorer USB 1

FIO (Funnel I/O)
• LilyPad Arduino v1.6
•
• XBee

FIO (Funnel I/O) v1.3

FIO (Funnel I/O) v1.3

FIO (Funnel I/O) v1.3
- +

FIO (Funnel I/O) v1.3

FIO v1.3 vs Funnel IO Remixed

Arduino
• Hernando Barrag´n
a IDII*4
Wiring
•
• IDE Arduino I/O
*4 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea

Wiring
SparkFun Electronics

Arduino Duemilanove
SparkFun Electronics

Arduino IDE

•
–
–
•

LilyPad Arduino
SparkFun Electronics

Arduino Pro Mini
SparkFun Electronics

Arduino ProtoShield
SparkFun Electronics

Arduino XBee Shield
SparkFun Electronics

Arduino
GND
+5V GND

Gainer I/O Arduino
Gainer I/O Arduino Duemilanove
16 20
A/D 8 8bit 6 10bit
PWM 8 8bit 6 8bit
1 0
LED 1 1 D13
Yes Yes
No Yes

Arduino
•
•
•
•

Arduino LED
11 Arduino LED
int ledPin = 13;
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
}

C LED
12 C LED
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
#define CLK_CALIB_DATA (FLASHEND - 3)
void init() {
uint8_t osccal_data = pgm_read_byte(CLK_CALIB_DATA);
if (osccal_data != 0xff) OSCCAL = osccal_data;
DDRB = 0xff;
DDRD = 0xff;
return;
}

C LED
13 C LED
void delay_ms(uint16_t t) {
while (t--) _delay_ms(1);
}
int main(void) {
init();
for (; ;) {
PORTB = 0xff;
delay_ms(500);
PORTB = 0x00;
delay_ms(500);
}
return 0;
}

Arduino
• C/C++
•
•

Arduino PC
•
–
– USB
– Ethernet
•
– Bluetooth
– IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee

Firmata
http://firmata.org/
• Hans-Christoph Steiner
• MIDI
• Arduino 0012

Firmata PC
• Pd (aka Pure Data)
• Processing
• Funnel
• Linux C++
• C++/openFrameworks

10G
IEEE 802.11n
100M
IEEE 802.11a/g
10M IEEE 802.11b
Bluetooth
1M
ANT
100k
ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4
10k
1k
0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1km
BAN PAN LAN MAN

Wi-Fi Bluetooth 802.15.4/ZigBee
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n 802.15.1 802.15.4
2.4GHz/5GHz 2.4GHz 866MHz/915MHz/2.4GHz
100m 100m 100m 2.4GHz
300Mbps 3Mbps 250kbps 2.4GHz
32 7 65535
LAN
1

IEEE 802.15.4
• 1
•

IEEE 802.15.4
Point to Point Star
Point to Multi
802.15.4 Coordinator
802.15.4 End Device

ZigBee
• 1
•
•

ZigBee
Mesh
Coordinator
Router
End Device

XBee
• IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee 2 *5
– XBee 802.15.4
– XBee ZB ZigBee PRO
• 3500
•
•
*5

XBee
• 5V
• UDP
•
100kbps

XBee
XBee
• hardware/fio/tool/XBeeConfigTool
•
• PAN ID
•
• MY ID
• Configure

FIO
• XBee Explorer USB PC
• Arduino 16
• Tools Board Arduino Pro/ Pro Mini
(8MHz)
• Tools Serial Port
• Open Examples Digital Blink
• Upload to I/O Board

FIO
• hardware/fio/firmware/FioStandardFirmata
• Upload to I/O Board

FIO
• FIO
• XBee Explorer USB PC
• Funnel Server
•
– http://tinyurl.com/n4c7a5
– http://tinyurl.com/kp7jqs

FIO LED

FIO

21 2009 8 8 9
1 2 3 3
1 2 3