2. National Security Act (1947)
Created a new Dept. of Defense
Combined War & Navy Depts.
Headed by a civilian
Created a National Security Council
Created the CIA
Gave President/White House expanded powers
3. Election of 1948
Thomas Dewey, Governor of NY
Had lost election of ‘44 to FDR
Surprise victory for Truman
Polls had written him off in fall of ‘48
He continued to campaign vigorously
Traveled 30K+ miles
“Victory Special”
“Give ‘em hell Harry”
4. NSC-68
National security report from 1950
U.S. could not expect other countries to stop
communism
U.S. must est. itself as active leader in
noncommunist world
Called for an expansion of the military
power/defense budget
5. McCarthyism
Republican Senator from Wisconsin, 1947-1957
Burst into national spotlight in 1950
Claimed to have a list of 205 known communists in State
Dept.
Repeated & expanded accusations
In 1952 he was appointed chairman of a special
subcommittee that investigated subversion w/in gov’t
Went after Army & General George Marshall in 1954;
televised hearings showed his tasteless tactics; damaged
reputation
6. Election of 1952
Eisenhower defeats Stevenson in a
landslide
55% of popular vote, 442 to 89 in
EC
“I Like Ike” & “K1C2”
Stevenson=Governor of Illinois
Eisenhower’s VP=Nixon
Checkers Speech
8. Industrial
Arms Race!
Affected all Americans with a climate of fear and
uncertainty
Bomb shelters, civil defense drills, atomic research
testing
Concern over radioactivity of above ground tests,
later found to be a health issue
Very expensive which bothered Ike who wanted a
balanced budget
9. Industrial
1960: Ike tried to negotiate an arms limitation
agreement with the Soviets
May 5, 1960: Soviets shot down an American U-2
spy plane over their territory and captured and
imprisoned its pilot
Ike later admitted he authorized the mission and
others like it, and therefore his chance to negotiate
an arms agreement was gone
10. Pentagon
1960: became its own democracy
Federal funds overwrote 90% of the cost of research
on aviation and space
Subsidized the scientific, auto, and electronics
industries
This allowed for rapid creation of products
11. Pentagon
Created a strong defense industry
Boeing, Lockheed were examples of companies that
did its work almost exclusively with the Pentagon
People owed their jobs to this buildup, and many
areas of the US received a lot of money (especially in
the south and west)
12. Final thoughts
Drawback: little money was spent on domestic needs
due to amount going to military
Ike’s last speech: warned of a “military-industrial
complex”
13. Quotes
Its influence “is felt in every city, every statehouse,
every office of the federal government”
“guard against the acquisition of unwarranted
influence, whether sought or unsought, by the
military-industrial complex”
“never let the weight of this combination endanger
our liberties or democratic processes”