1. Sethusamdram : Geology & Tectonics Dr. V.K. Rao Deputy Director National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad
2. NEERI Report – Tectonics ? 2.5. Tuticorin Port Trust as NodalAgency In February, 1997, the Ministry of Surface Transport made Tuticorin Port Trust as Nodal Agency for the Project, and subsequently the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur was appointed by Ministry of Surface Transport in July 1997 to prepare the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the Project The IEE study report indicated that the Project is environmentally safe with negligible effect on the eco system and the Marine National Park of the Gulf of Mannar. The report also recommended a particular alignment of the canal cutting the Pamban Island, east of Kothandaramasamy temple, which will cause least damage to the biota and the environment . As per instructions of the Ministry in February, 2002, NEERI was entrusted to conduct the following studies:- (i) Techno-economic viability, and (ii) Environmental Impact Assessment. Tuticorin Port Trust later engaged M/s. L & T-Ramboll Consulting Engineers, Chennai in 2004 for preparation of a Detailed Project Report, which has clearly established the financial viability of the Project and has also prescribed a stringent Environmental Management Plan for preserving and conserving the rich bio-diversity in the project region.
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7. OTHER ISSUES Denudation rate varied along many places of South Indian shield Changes in sea levels effect Tides, weather, climate. In gulf of Mannar, Coral mining has caused increase in turbidity of water and the reefs have undergone noticeable deterioration
8. Imagine the slope of Indian & Sri Lanka side and the effect in the study region
17. Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake - I The Sumatra–Andaman earthquake began at 00.59 UT on 26 December, 2004 under the Sunda trench in the eastern Indian Ocean, where two of the Earth’s tectonic plates meet (Figure 1). The floor of the Indian Ocean is being slowly pushed under the Burma plate by convection currents in the underlying mantle. Over the previous few centuries this movement, called subduction, had been resisted by frictional forces, allowing enormous amounts of strain energy to build up along the fault where the two plates meet. On 26 December 2004, the applied stresses overcame the frictional forces on an area on the southern end of the fault off Banda Arch, Northern Sumatra.
18. Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake - II There, the ocean floor suddenly plunged northeastward by up to 20 meters under the Burma plate, releasing almost all the accumulated energy in a huge rupture which propagated northwards along the subduction zone as far as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Large seismic waves were generated, and the
20. Friction effect of Tsunami Here are some of the figures of Tsunami effects: A cartoon of earthquake wave and long period gravity wave are shown. P wave travel through basalt and the Oceanic sediments forming multiple reflections (generated as low-order Rayleigh- spheroidal modes especially 0S2 and 0S3) whereas the gravity waves transmitting through water with very long wavelength of 430km. Frictional resistance offered by the seafloor and open Ocean, the wave front is proceeding with great energy.
23. Sethusamdram : Age angle American Space Agency NASA has declared that there exists a bridge 30 km long connecting Sri Lanka and India, constructed with the help of stones, which is known as ‘Adam’s Bridge’. The age of the bridge according to them is 1.75 million year old. This historical bridge, according to NASA is man-made with good scientific background. Incidentally this age 1.75 my age of this bridge converges with the mythological age of Treta Yuga because the Satya Yuga has the age of 1.73 m.y. and the Treta Yuga has the duration of 1.3 m.y. Hence, 1.75 m.y. comes exactly in the Treta Yuga.
