Lesson #7 cold war power point

1. Lesson 7
The Cold War
Communism vs. Democracy

2. The Cold War
 During the Cold War, the Soviet army
never fired a shot at the American army.
 The Soviet Union hoped to increase its
strength by converting other governments
to communism.

3. Containment
 The United States committed itself to
containment.
 Stopping the spread of communism and
promoting the growth of democracy around
the world.
 Truman Doctrine- Stated that the United
States would help freedom-based nations
that were resisting Soviet domination.

4. Truman Doctrine
Greece Turkey
Civil War Pressure from the
Soviets.
Defeated the Resisted Soviet
Communists. Pressure.

5. NATO & Warsaw Pact
 In 1949,
NATO formed an alliance that
agreed to protect the others if attacked.
 In 1955, Warsaw pact was formed to
suppressed democratic movements within
members nations.

6. NATO & Warsaw Pact
NATO Warsaw Pact
1. Belgium 1. Albania
2. Britain 2. Bulgaria
3. Canada 3. Czechoslovakia
4. Denmark 4. East Germany
5. France 5. Hungary
6. Greece 6. Poland
7. Iceland 7. Romania
8. Italy 8. Soviet Union
9. Luxembourg
10. Netherlands
11. Norway
12. Portugal
13. Turkey
14. United States
15. West Germany

7. Complete Quick Review #1

8. Soviet Expansion
 Following WWII, the Soviets took back
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
 Soviet Union refused to remove its troops
from some parts of Eastern Europe.

Took control of the governments of East
Germany, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, and Bulgaria.

9. The Iron Curtain

10. Communism in Asia
 China became Communist in 1949.
 Indochina
divided into Vietnam,
Cambodia, and Laos.

Soviet Union backed Ho Chi Minh and his
communist movement in Vietnam.
 Will lead to conflict later.

11. Korean Conflict
 1950, N. Korea invaded S. Korea.
 United Nations jumped to defend S. Korea.
• U.S. provided the majority of soldiers to the U.N.
forces in Korea.
 China aided the North.
 The war was stopped in 1953, although
there was never a peace treaty.

12. The Korean War: A “Police
Action” (1950-1953)
Kim Il-Sung
Syngman Rhee
“Domino Theory”

13. Vietnam
 In the 1950s the U.S. began helping S.
Vietnam in its struggle against Communist
N. Vietnam.
 1964, N. Vietnam attacked an American
Ship at the Gulf of Tonkin.

Congress passed Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
that allowed President Johnson to take
military action.

14. Vietnam continued
 From 1964-1973 more than 8 million
American served in the military during the
Vietnam War.
 A cease-fire agreement was signed in
1973.
 1975 N. Vietnam conquered S. Vietnam and
established a communist government.

15. Crisis in Cuba
 1959Fidel Castro overthrew the
government of Cuba.
 Began to seek economic aid from the Soviet
Union.
 In October 1962, American spy planes
discovered that the Soviet Union was
putting nuclear weapons in Cuba.

16. Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)

17. JFK
 John F. Kennedy demanded that the
missiles be removed.
 For several days the Soviets refused, and it
seemed a world war was close.
 The Soviet Union backed down, however,
and the Cuban Missile Crisis came to a
peaceful end.

18. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

19. Complete Quick Review #2 Now

20. Superpower Rivalry
 As long as the U.S. was the only country
with nuclear weapons, it held the upper
hand.
 Soviet Union developed an atomic bomb in
1949.
 Both countries started the nuclear arms race.

21. Space Race
 First satellite Sputnik.
 Americans felt they had fallen behind and
needed to catch up.
 1st American spacecraft Explorer I was sent
into orbit in 1958.
 When the Soviets sent Yuri Gagarin into
space in 1961, the U.S. quickly matched
the feat by sending John Glenn in 1962.
 Apollo 11 first human to walk on the moon.

22. Complete Quick review #5 Now

23. End of the Cold War
 Detente- A peaceful coexistence between
the superpowers began with Nixon visited
both China and Soviet Union in 1972.
 Both nations agreed to limit the number of
nuclear warheads and missiles that each
country would keep.
 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT).

24.  During the 1970s the U.S. began cutting
its military budget.
 Since tensions had eased, large complex
weapons systems were not necessary.
 Ronald Reagan in 1981 pushed higher
levels of military spending through
Congress.
 Reagan-Gorbachev met to reduce the
nuclear threat.

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty-
(INF) limited medium-range nuclear arms.

25. Fall of the Soviet Union
 In the late 1980s, Soviet-dominated
governments in E. Europe began to fall
one by one.
 In 1989, the
Berlin Wall, a longtime
symbol of Communist domination, came
down.

26. Fall of the Soviet Union
 Without the Communist political system to
hold countries together, borders changed.
 Countries divided themselves, sometimes
along ethnic lines.
 For example; Czechoslovakia split peacefully
into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
 East Germany and West Germany reunited.

27. Complete Quick Review #6 NOW!

28. Soviet Union
 Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in
1985.
 He sought to open up Soviet society and to
restructure the Communist system.
 Communist leaders tried to reestablish
power, but Soviet citizens were unwilling
to give up the reforms Gorbachev had
brought to them.