This document summarizes David Goodman's presentation on addressing the cellular data crisis. The presentation covered:
1) Explosive growth in mobile data usage and the inability of current pricing models to keep up with demand.
2) Technological approaches being taken by the industry to increase network capacity, such as small cell deployment, new spectrum auctions, and video compression.
3) Research at NYU Wireless, including developing techniques for cell selection using opportunistic backhaul, fast handover between small cells, and millimeter wave communications.
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CAN CELLULAR NETWORKS KEEP UP WITH BIG DATA GROWTH
1. CAN CELLULAR NETWORKS
KEEP UP WITH THE GROWTH
OF BIG DATA?
David Goodman
NYU WIRELESS
Polytechnic Institute of New York University
dgoodman@poly.edu
IEEE VTS-UKRI CHAPTER MEETING
July 26, 2012
David Goodman July 26, 2012
2. Cellular Data Crisis 2010
January 28, 2010
@ 4G World: Carriers brace for data storm
October 20, 21 2010
Like the rest of the world, Japan is forecasting explosive growth in data traffic.
Japanese end users are demanding high-definition digital cameras,
access to YouTube, e-books and online games.
David Goodman July 25, 2012
3. Cellular Data Crisis
2012 Update
4G upgrade signals
threat and FT: Feb. 25, 2012
opportunity
10-fold surge in global mobile data traffic … by 2016
Non-voice service revenue annual % growth:
Italy 1.8, UK 4.9, Germany 7.0
David Goodman July 25, 2012
4. Cellular Data Crisis
COST
$$
REVENUE
Time iPhone etc.
SMS
David Goodman July 25, 2012
5. Cellular Data Crisis
• Revenue 2005-09 $8.5B →$37B 4x
• AT&T Data Usage 2006-09 70x
• Japan data usage 2007 – 2017 200x ??
David Goodman July 25, 2012
6. Cellular Data Usage
• BlackBerry = Cellphone x 2
• iPhone = BlackBerry x 5
• Aircard = iPhone x 5
• iPad, future devices and services = ???
David Goodman July 25, 2012
7. Cellular Service Plans
• Voice $60 750 minutes $600/GB
• SMS $20 1000 texts* $60000/GB
• Data $60 5 GB $12/GB
• iPhone $30 unlimited →$5/GB??
Pandora=60 MB/hour Live video =300 MB/hour
*2011: 8T texts = $127B = $53,000/GB
David Goodman July 25, 2012
8. What’s wrong with this picture?
Revenue Demand
Voice Usage sensitive Limited
SMS
Data Fixed Unlimited
David Goodman July 25, 2012
18. Cellular technology evolution
system names
1G 2G 3G
1980 – NMT 1990 – GSM 2000 – UMTS
NORDIC GLOBAL UNIVERSAL
4G
2010 – ???
LTE
David Goodman July 25, 2012
19. Addressing the data crisis
Industry trends
• LTE
– Up to 20 MHz signal band
– Up to 300/75 (DL/UL) throughput
– Up to 4x4 MIMO
– IP core network
• Video compression
• Smaller cells
• Wi-Fi off-loading
David Goodman July 25, 2012
21. Addressing the data crisis
Future directions
• Network optimization with small cells
• mm wave transmission
• Cooperative communications
• Cognitive radio
• Adaptive pricing
David Goodman July 25, 2012
22. Addressing the data crisis
NYU WIRELESS RESEARCH
• Network with small cells
– Optimum cell selection Prof. Rangan
– Handover for mobile terminals Prof. Panwar
• mm wave communication, Prof. Rappaport
– Measurements, devices
• Cooperative communications
Prof. Erkip, Knox, Panwar
– Algorithms, signal processing, testbed
David Goodman July 25, 2012
23. Femto and pico
Femto- and Picocells: cells
Small is Beautiful
Smaller, easily deployable, lower cost
Traditional Nokia MetroSite Huawei femtocell
macrocell tower UMTS base “personal base
station station”
5 Wireless Research Lab
David Goodman July 25, 2012
24. Femtocell
Use customer
broadband for
backhaul
Offload traffic from
Macro cells
David Goodman July 25, 2012
25. Femtocell challenges
• Uncontrolled interference environment
– Unplanned deployments.
– Large power disparities between macro and femto.
– Restricted association & closed subscriber groups
• Need for self-configuration & “plug & play”.
– Must synchronize for macro-femto handover & to
enable advanced interference mitigation
techniques.
• Mixed backhaul: operator and subscriber’s ISP.
David Goodman July 25, 2012
26. Small cells are coming
Today's Top News (June 25, 2012)
Rumor mill: AT&T gears up to order
100,000 small cells
(283,000 cells total in USA at end of 2011)
Small cells=femto < pico < metro < micro
www.smallcellforum.org
David Goodman July 25, 2012
27. Backhaul becoming a dominant
cost
• Backhaul represents significant cost to operators:
– 30 to 50% of OPEX costs by various estimates
• Cost and management of airlink is decreasing
– Lower power / smaller cells
– Self-organization
• With greater bandwidth and larger numbers of cell
sites, backhaul will become dominant expense
• Is there a cheaper way to deliver backhaul?
David Goodman July 25, 2012
28. Cell selection with opportunistic
backhaul: Prof S. Rangan
• Cell selection now based on signal strength
• Add backhaul as selection criterion
• Provision for average (not maximum) traffic
• Opportunistic backhaul challenges
– Variable traffic loads
– Distributed management
– Heterogenous cell sizes
– Load balancing
– Small numbers of users per cell
David Goodman July 25, 2012
29. Cellular Handover, Prof. Panwar
• Handover between macrocells takes less than 100ms.
• Handover to indoor Femtocells
– Near stationary user
– Slow handover: Many messages going
over the public internet.
• Handover among outdoor picocells
– More Frequent: Users quickly passing through small cells.
David Goodman July 25, 2012
30. Faster Handover
• Prefetch user data to picocells in proximity.
• Add a fast over-the-air interface connecting picocells.
• Decouple control messages from actual handoff.
Handover Durations for Femtocells
• Legacy Handover ~ 1500ms.
(applied as it is)
• Prefetch-based Fast Handover ~ 800ms.
(with all control messaging via backhaul)
• Near-Instantaneous Handover ~ 30ms.
(with OTA interface)
David Goodman July 25, 2012
31. Background
Spectrum Allocation for 60GHz – key
mmWave frequency
• Spectrum
allocation similar
worldwide
• 5 GHz common
bandwidth
among several
countries
•Park, C., Rappaport, T.S. , “Short Range Wireless Communications for Next Generation Networks: UWB, 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave PAN, and ZigBee,”
Vol.14, No. 4, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, Aug. 2007, pp 70-78.
•G. L. Baldwin, “Background on Development of 60 GHz for Commercial Use,” SiBEAM, inc. white paper, May
2007, http://sibeam.com/whtpapers/Background_on_Dev_of_60GHz_for_Commercial%20Use.pdf
David Goodman July 25, 2012
32. mm Wave devices
mmWave/sub-THz on-chip antennas
Probe de-embedding and calibration
RFICs for 60 GHz, 77 GHz, sub-THz
Wireless propagation measurements
and modeling for mmWave/sub-THz
On-chip channel sounding system
“PN Generator”
“Antenna” Dec. 2009 Oct. 2010 3
1,4
“Bevo 1” June 2009 1,4,5
“Bevo 4” July 2010 2
David Goodman July 25, 2012
33. Cooperative communications
research at NYU WIRELESS
•Antenna diversity (virtual MIMO)
•Cooperative coding
•Coop MAC – IEEE802
•Relay
•Video multicast
•P-to-P content sharing
David Goodman July 25, 2012
35. Adaptive Pricing Research
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
David Goodman July 25, 2012
36. Beyond the data crisis
• Align theory, experiments, and systems
• Challenges become opportunities
– Mobile (distribute information)
– Portable (human energy source)
– Free space (broadcasting, cooperation)
• Application specific networks
– Health
– Transportation
– Environment
– Entertainment
David Goodman July 25, 2012