Internet considered as the most important types of wide area networks and the most important sources for information, that is because its ability to give many electronic services, like email, communication services, voice over IP, Internet telephony and other services, to get these services requires accessing to the web server. It is obvious that to make sure the connection oriented with the Internet service providers, requires remaining and operating the received device within the arriving zone of Internet signal, and this device will stop to receive this Internet signal, if it moves to a new position lies outside this area. The researchers presented through their scientific researches many ideas and ways of ensuring the continued achievement of the Internet access, despite of the mobility of the recipient device outside the area of the original service provider, the flow of these ideas led to do a new networking technique known as multi-homing mobility technique, the researchers are developed several topologies and protocols to suit their operation with this kind of mobile networks. This paper presents a new approach for developing the multi-homing mobility network system that increases the performance operation in spite of the far mobility of the recipient device to new positions. This approach gives also a new way of network topology, new protocols of programming internetworking devices, as well as applying the mobile IP addressing for sending and receiving the packets between the Internet service provider and the mobile recipient, and gives a reliable algorithm for enhancing troubleshooting packet loss. To test and check the ability of this approach, we design a hypothetical multi-homing mobility network system that operates under these proposed algorithms, apply packet tracer v.5 simulator for testing the performance of this proposed approach.

1. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 5, May (2014), pp. 21-31 © IAEME
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A NEW APPROACH OF MULTI-HOMING NETWORK MOBILITY
SYSTEM WITH TROUBLESHOOTING PACKET LOSS ENHANCEMENT
Dr. Mahmood Zaki Abdullah
Computer & Software Engineering Department
College of Engineering, The University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Internet considered as the most important types of wide area networks and the most
important sources for information, that is because its ability to give many electronic services, like
email, communication services, voice over IP, Internet telephony and other services, to get these
services requires accessing to the web server. It is obvious that to make sure the connection oriented
with the Internet service providers, requires remaining and operating the received device within the
arriving zone of Internet signal, and this device will stop to receive this Internet signal, if it moves to
a new position lies outside this area. The researchers presented through their scientific researches
many ideas and ways of ensuring the continued achievement of the Internet access, despite of the
mobility of the recipient device outside the area of the original service provider, the flow of these
ideas led to do a new networking technique known as multi-homing mobility technique, the
researchers are developed several topologies and protocols to suit their operation with this kind of
mobile networks. This paper presents a new approach for developing the multi-homing mobility
network system that increases the performance operation in spite of the far mobility of the recipient
device to new positions. This approach gives also a new way of network topology, new protocols of
programming internetworking devices, as well as applying the mobile IP addressing for sending and
receiving the packets between the Internet service provider and the mobile recipient, and gives a
reliable algorithm for enhancing troubleshooting packet loss. To test and check the ability of this
approach, we design a hypothetical multi-homing mobility network system that operates under these
proposed algorithms, apply packet tracer v.5 simulator for testing the performance of this proposed
approach.
Keywords: Multi-Homing Network, Mobile IP, Fragmentation, Troubleshooting Packet Loss.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The wireless networks are the major and important types of networks, they offer many
services to many hosts, a host that uses wireless technology can be mobile. Multiple overlapping
wireless technologies create a connectivity rich environment and challenge, to allow mobile hosts
take advantage of the various wireless technologies for improving its communication channel to the
network, it is obvious that the wireless communications may stop when changing from one network
attachment point to another, or when the mobile enters an area with no wireless coverage, to
overcome this problem many researchers presented many ideas and ways, one of these ways was to
use multiple wireless technologies at the same time, they can create a resilient communication
channel that overcomes the problems presented by mobility and by wireless. In order to use of all the
available wireless technologies, a mobile host has to connect to multiple networks simultaneously,
this type of connectivity is known as multi-homing. In this paper we propose a mobility solution
based on dynamic multi-homing, where a host connected to a constantly changing set of networks. In
fact the hardware connection of dynamic multi-homing needs three elements, a way of finding
available wireless networks, transport protocols that use the multiple available networks, and a
location service to allow corresponding hosts to communicate with mobile hosts in their new
networks, figure (1) shows the elements of a mobile network architecture of the multi-homing
connection [1], [2].
Fig.1: Schematic diagram of the elements of mobile network architecture [3]
II. RELATED WORKS
Luiz Claudio Schara Magalhaes in 2005 [1], presented the design of a transport layer host
mobility architecture, the main components of this architecture are a link layer manager, to mediate
access to the communication infrastructure, he designed a multiplexing transport protocol framework
that allows the construction of multiplexing transport suited to different classes of traffic.
R. Moskowitz, and P. Nikander in 2006 [9], presented a new method such as HIP that brings
new namespaces into the protocol stack to separate the semantics of identity from IP addresses. HIP
introduces a new namespace called HI (Host Identity), which is independent of the IP addresses, to
identify hosts in the network.
E. Nordmark, M. Bagnulo, and Shim in 2009 [10], aimed to support IP multi-homing, to
manage multiple IP addresses in one host, shim inserts a sub layer into the network layer, while SCTP
designs a new transport-layer protocol.
Pekka Nikander, Andrei Gurtov, and Thomas R. Henderson in 2010 [11], presented and
provided an in-depth look at HIP, discussing its architecture, design, benefits, potential drawbacks,

3. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 5, May (2014), pp. 21-31 © IAEME
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and ongoing work, the HIP protocols have been carefully designed to take middle boxes into account,
providing for overlay networks and enterprise deployment concerns.
Jozef Wozniak in 2012 [12], presented an overview of the most popular and promising
methods of handling mobility in IP networks, covering ISO-OSI layers 2+, 3, as well as layer 3+ and
layers 4 and 7 of mobility solutions.
III. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
From figure (1), we can conclude that each mobile network can be consisted of home
network, home agent, foreign agent, foreign (or visited) network, and correspondent. The data
transfer to the mobile system in this type of network technique based on the following procedure [4]:
1- IP destination address, network prefix determines physical subnet.
2- Sender sends to the IP address of mobile network (MN).
3- Host agent (HA) intercepts packet proxy ARP.
4- Host agent (HA) tunnels packet to foreign agent lies at the foreign network (FA), by
encapsulation process.
5- Foreign agent forwards the packet to the mobile network (MN).
While the data transfer from the mobile system to the receiver is occurred when the sender
sends to the IP address of the receiver as usual, (FA) works as default router. Figure (2) illustrates the
procedure of data transfer to or from mobile system [4].
Fig.2: Schematic diagram of the data transferring to or from the mobile system [4]
IV. MOBILE IP ENTITIES
The multi-homing mobility technique based on many factors or parameters, one of these
factors is the Mobile IP address, the aspects of this addressing state that in Mobile IP a mobile host is
assigned an IP address on its home network, called the mobile host’s home address. Packets that are
delivering from a correspondent host to the mobile host are always addressed to the home address of
the mobile host. If the correspondent host is aware that the mobile host is mobile, then the
correspondent host can encapsulate its packets and forward them directly to the mobile host’s new
location without traversing the home network, when the mobile host connects to a foreign network, it
identifies and registers with a foreign agent, or registers directly with its home agent. When
registering, the mobile host acquires a care-of address defining its current location [5], figure (3)
shows the Mobile IP entities.

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Fig.3: Schematic diagram of the Mobile IP entities [5]
The Mobile IP has two addresses for a mobile host: one home address and one care-of
address. The home address is permanent; the care-of addresses changes as the mobile host moves
from one network to another, When the mobile host and the foreign agent are the same, the care-of
address is called a co-located care-of address, Mobile IP does not use a new packet type for agent
advertisement; it uses the router advertisement packet of ICMP, and appends an agent advertisement
message, the movement of the mobile host is transparent to the rest of the Internet, finally we can
summarize that Mobile IP uses two IP addresses, home address, where the IP address assigned to the
mobile node, making it logically appear attached to its home network. In Care-of address, an IP
address at the mobile node's current point of attachment to the Internet, when the mobile node is not
attached to the home network. In Home network the network at which the mobile node seems
reachable, to the rest of the Internet, by virtue of its assigned IP address, while foreign network, the
network to which the mobile node is attached when it is not attached to its home network, and on
which the care-of address is reachable from the rest of the Internet, at terminology phase, a router on
the home network that effectively causes the mobile node to be reachable at its home address even
when the mobile node is not attached to its home network, while a router on the foreign network that
can assist the mobile node in receiving datagrams delivered to the care-of address [6].
V. PROPOSED MULTI-HOMING MOBILITY NETWORK SYSTEM
As mentioned before the conventional multi-homing mobility network based on the
correspondent device sends the packet to its home agent router at the home network, this router will
deliver this packet to a foreign agent router at a foreign network, during this transferring of packet,
the mobile IP addressing can be applied to ensure the end-to-end sending and receiving, figure (4)
shows the concepts of conventional multi-homing mobility network [7].
Fig.4: Schematic diagram of the conventional multi-homing architecture [7]

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When a host moves from one network to another, the IP addressing structure needs to be
modified, the home address is permanent; it associates the host to its home network, the network that
is the permanent home of the host. The care-of address is temporary. When host moves from one
network to another, the care-of address changes; it is associated with the foreign network, the
network to which the host moves. Figure (5) shows this concept [8].
Fig.5: Schematic diagram of the data transfer in multi-homing mobility system [8]
From figure (8), we can notice that multi-homing procedure can be applied through three
phases, phase-1-agent discovery, phase-2-registeration and phase-3-data transfer; the algorithmic
procedure of these phases can be summarized through below steps [8]:
1- The mobile host when at home sends agent solicitation message to home agent (router).
2- The home agent (router) sends a response agent advertisement message to mobile host.
3- When the movement occurs, the mobile host (at a new position) sends agent solicitation
message to foreign agent (router).
4- The foreign agent (router) sends agent advertisement response message to a mobile host (at a
new position).
5- The mobile host (at a new position) sends registration request message to a foreign agent
(router), then the foreign agent (router) will send a registration request message to a home
agent (router).
6- The home agent (router) will send a registration reply message to a foreign agent (router, then
the foreign agent (router) will send a registration reply message to a mobile host after
movement.
7- Finally, the mobile host at its new position, will transfer the data to a remote host.

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From this fact we adapt the architecture of the above conventional multi-homing mobility
network to a newer architecture, our proposed design suggested that we can expand the Internet
service provider signal to cover a wide area, this can be done by using multiple wireless router which
were connected to a central ISP, these routers can be amplified the attenuated ISP signal as well as
managed the derivation of packets, figure (6) shows the proposed multi-homed mobility system.
Fig.6: Schematic diagram of the proposed multi-homing mobility architecture
To increase the speed of packet delivery through these agents with few bit error rate, the
segment-fragmentation algorithm was applied, as it was stated at reference [8].
VI. PROPOSED ALGORITHM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING ENHANCEMENT
To enhance the bit error rate of transferring data, a proposed troubleshooting packet loss
algorithm applied to check the errors occur in the outbound and inbound segments format, that
means checks for IP packet addressing, mobile IP addressing, the orientation of the original data,
format, checks for correct and match routes., and finally checks for the connection to ISP if it is
terminated on single router or multiple routers, figure (7) shows the steps for multi-homing mobility
network algorithm with troubleshooting packet loss enhancement.

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Fig.7: Algorithmic Flowchart of Multi-homing mobility network system with Troubleshooting
Packet Loss Enhancement
Start
Troubleshooting
Algorithm
Is
the orientation of
data at outbound segment
similar to that in next hop
inbound
?
No
Read
The IPs of all the hosts,
Multi-homed Networks
And Routers
Yes
End
Multi-homing mobility
Algorithm
Start
Multi-homing mobility
Algorithm
Compute for one of addresses
of multi-homed hosts to packet,
(assign for source address and
destination address), apply
segment-fragment for sending
total segments.
Compute for mobile IP format,
from routing table search for
matching route to the
destination host.
Is
the mobile
route correct ?,
and receive ACK
for each fragment?
No
Yes
Is
the total route
correct ?,
and receive ACK
for total fragments?,
and the process net
exceed time out?
Yes
Compute again for mobile
IP address and matching
routes.
No
Compute for segment-
fragmentation again, and
compute for mobile IP format.
End
Troubleshooting
Algorithm

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VII. IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTICAL RESULTS
This section contains all the practical results that validate and verify our proposed multi-
homing mobility network, these results can be obtained by applying the Packet Tracer v.5 network
simulator, and before beginning this simulation we programmed all the PCs. and the internetworking
devices with the required IPs and proposed protocols. We found that all the mobile segments of data
that can be sent from the source to final destination end through the proposed multi-homed mobility
network system and multi ISPs. will reach this destination correctly without any damaged as shown
in figure (8), figure (9), figure (10), and figure (11).
(a) (b)
Fig.8: (a) Illustrates the initialization process of PCs. and internetworking devices with IP’s address
(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU at device correspondent pos.1.
(a) (b)
Fig.9. (a) Illustrates the transferring of packet from a device at correspondent pos.1 to first wireless
router,
(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU format that reaches the first wireless router.

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(a) (b)
Fig.10. (a) Illustrates the transferring of packet from a wireless device to central ISP wireless router,
(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU format that reaches the central ISP wireless router
(a) (b)
Fig.11. (a) Illustrates the transferring of packet from a central ISP wireless router to a home agent
wireless router.
(b) Represents the outbound of the PDU format that reaches home agent wireless router at home
network.
Another test can be done by considering a hypothetical multi-homing mobility network
system, this system applied and operated with the proposed algorithm, considering a source host
transfers between many positions along 1000 meter, these positions could be covered by three
ISPs., through three wireless routers, each router programmed with this proposed algorithm, we
found that the data obtained with applying segmentation and troubleshooting were more accurate

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as compared with these obtained without segmentation and troubleshooting check, so we noticed
also that the bit error rate (BER) will not exceed (0.0002) for this proposed algorithm during the
whole trip, while it may be increased rapidly without that, figure (12) shows the differences
between the two algorithms. Also we noticed that increasing in the number of wireless routers that
may be connected to a central ISP devices will increase the area of arrival of ISP signal, increase
the area of connection for the mobile network to a home agent, also we can use an access point
device either instead of wireless router or as an extra amplification and accessing device
connected to a wireless router in order to expand the area of connection.
Fig.12: Illustrates the bit error rate (BER) – Mobility characteristic for conventional and proposed
algorithm
VIII. CONCLUSION
From this paper we can conclude the following points:
1- The multi-homing mobility network gives us the reliability and flexibility of maintaining
connection to ISP signal in spite of moving the sending device far away from its original
position.
2- The multi-homing network applies many special protocols, like host identity protocol HIP,
and other protocols which facilitate the transferring of packets through the internetworking
devices.
3- The multi-homing mobility network system can apply a special type of addressing, like
mobile IP, which assist the mobile packets to reach their final destinations.
4- The segment-fragmentation technique will assist and increase the speed of the transferring
packets in a multi-homing mobility network system, also the troubleshooting packet loss
enhancement algorithm will assist the speed and the accuracy of transferring data.
5- There are another modern techniques of multi-homing mobility, these techniques can be used
the ability of satellite system which provide ISP signal, to change its position in the space
and supply another region on the earth with ISP signal, this type of technique is called
satellite based multi-homing mobility network.

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