The document discusses various types of concrete admixtures, including their functions, materials, uses, and effects. It covers air-entraining, water-reducing, retarding, and superplasticizing admixtures. It discusses factors like durability, compatibility, mixing methods, proprietary formulations, quality control, transportation safety, environmental impacts, and costs. The document provides information on admixture standards and the potential future uses of admixtures, including their ability to increase concrete's fire resistance.

1. Plan Building
Presentation On Material +
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2. Presentation Talk
Material & uses
Durability
Compatibility
Fixing Methods ( Mixing )
Proprietary Methods
Quality Checking Methods
Transportation
(Safety – Storage
Fire Rating
Handling – Safe
Embodied Energy
Costing $$$
Deemed to satisfy
Alternative Materials
Future of Admixtures
Conclusion
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3. Building Materials
Cement
Plaster
glass
Masonry
units
Paints
Coatings
Structural
Steel
Ceramics
Framing
Mortars
Plasterboard
Timber
Concrete
Glass
Roofing
Flooring
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4. Admixtures
 Material& uses
 Durability
 Compatibility
 Fixing Methods
 Proprietary Methods
 Quality Checking
Methods
 Transportation
(Safety – Storage)
 Fire Rating
 Handling – Safe
 Embodied Energy
 Costing $$$
 Deemed to satisfy
 Alternative
Materials
 Future of
Admixtures
 Conclusion
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5. Admixtures
 The Australian Standard AS 1478
Chemical admixtures for concrete,
mortar and grout defines
“an admixture as a material,
other than water, aggregate
and cementitious materials,
used as an ingredient of
concrete, and added to the
batch in controlled amounts
immediately before or during
its mixing to produce some
desired modification to the
properties of the concrete”
 Reduce the cost of concrete
construction
 Achieve certain properties in
concrete more effectively
than by other means
 Quality of concrete during the
stages of mixing,
transporting, placing, and curing in
adverse weather conditions
 Emergencies during concreting
operations
 Ingredients in concrete
 other than Portland cement, water, and aggregates
 added to the mixture immediately before or during mixing
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6. Material & uses- Functions
Air-
entraining
admixtures
Water-
reducing
admixtures
Plasticizers
Accelerating
admixtures
Retarding
admixtures
Hydration-
control
admixtures
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7. Material& uses- Functions
Corrosion
inhibitors
Shrinkage
reducers
Alkali-silica
reactivity
inhibitors
Colouring
admixtures
Miscellaneous
admixtures
(workability,
bonding,
damp
proofing,
permeability
reducing,
grouting, gas-
forming, and
pumping
admixtures)
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8. Influence Client/Design/Builder/Supply chain
Material Selection
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9. Air-entraining admixtures
Stabilize microscopic
air bubbles in
concrete. Air-
entrainment will
dramatically improve
the durability of
concrete exposed to
cycles of freezing and
thawing. Entrained air
greatly improves
concrete's resistance
to surface scaling
caused by chemical
de-icers.
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10. Air-entraining admixtures
Scaled concrete
surface resulting from
lack of air
entrainment, use of
deicers, and poor
finishing and curing
practices
The primary
ingredients used in
air-entraining
admixtures are salts
of wood resin
(Vinsol resin),
synthetic detergents,
salts of petroleum
acids, etc.
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11. Water-Reducing Admixtures
The effectiveness of water reducers on
concrete is a function of their chemical
composition, concrete temperature,
cement composition and fineness, cement
content, and the presence of other
admixtures
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12. Water-Reducing Admixtures
Reduce the quantity
of mixing water
required to produce
concrete of a certain
slump, reduce water-
cementing materials
ratio, reduce cement
content, or increase
slump.
Typical water reducers
reduce the water
content by
approximately 5% to
10%.
Materials:
Lignosulfonates.
Carbohydrates.
Hydroxylated
carboxylic acids
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13. Super plasticizers
(High-Range Water Reducers)
These admixtures are
added to concrete
with a low-to-normal
slump and water-
cementing materials
ratio to make high-
slump flowing
concrete.
Flowing concrete is a
highly fluid but
workable concrete
that can be placed
with little or no
vibration or
compaction while still
remaining essentially
free of excessive
bleeding or
segregation.
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14. Super plasticizers
(High-Range Water Reducers)
Applications - flowing concrete
• Thin-section
placements
• Areas of closely
spaced and congested
reinforcing steel
• Pumped concrete to
reduce pump
pressure, thereby
increasing lift and
distance capacity,
• Areas where
conventional
consolidation methods
are impractical or can
not be used
• Reducing handling
costs.
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15. Low water to cement ratio
concrete with low chloride
permeability--- easily made
with high-range water
reducers- is ideal for bridge
decks
Plasticized, flowing
concrete is easily placed in
thin sections
Materials
Sulfonated melamine
formaldehyde condensates.
Sulfonated naphthalene
formaldehyde condensate.
Lignosulfonates.
Polycarboxylates.
Super plasticizers
(High-Range Water Reducers)
Bleed less
Drying shrinkage
Effectiveness
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16. Retarding Admixtures
Materials
Retard the rate of setting of concrete at
high temperatures of fresh concrete
(30°C or more).
Counteracting the effect is to reduce
the temperature of the concrete by
cooling the mixing water or the
aggregates.
Retarders do not decrease the initial
temperature of concrete.
The bleeding rate and capacity of
plastic concrete is increased with
retarders.
Lignin
Borax
Sugars
Tartaric acid
and salts
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17. Retarding Admixtures
Uses
Offset the accelerating effect of hot
weather on the setting of concrete
Delay the initial set of concrete when
difficult or unusual conditions of
placement occur,
Delay the set for special finishing
processes such as an exposed aggregate
surface.
Accelerate strength development of
concrete at an early age.
Reduction in strength at early ages
(one to three days) accompanies
the use of retarders.
Effects of these materials on the
other properties of concrete, such
as shrinkage, may not be
predictable.
Acceptance tests of retarders
should be made with actual job
materials under anticipated job
conditions.
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18. Retarding Admixtures
Uses
Materials
Calcium chloride
Triethanolamine
Calcium formate
Calcium nitrate
Calcium nitrite
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19. Admixtures-Australian Standards
AS 1478
• Chemical admixtures for concrete, mortar
and grout
AS 1478.1
• Admixtures for concrete
AS 2072
• Methods for the sampling of expanding
admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout
AS 2073
• Methods for the testing of expanding
admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout.
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20. Durability
Relationship between durability &
bubble spacing factor of entrained air Effect of entrained air on durability
 Water reduction reduces permeability, increases durability
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21. Compatibility
The satisfactory performance of expanding
admixtures will depend to a significant extent on
their being distributed uniformly throughout the mix.
When more than one admixture is used, the
compatibility of the combination is important. If a
non-compatible combination is used (such as an
iron-based admixture and calcium chloride as
accelerator) the properties of the concrete may be
adversely affected.
The compatibility of admixtures used in combination should
be checked.
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22. Mixing
The time in the mixing cycle at which the admixture is
introduced into the concrete mix will also affect the
level of retardation obtained. Delayed addition of the
admixture, i.e. after the cement has been mixed with
water, produces longer setting times than when the
admixture is added with the mixing water.
Considerations
Type and duration of mixing.
Rate of mixing
Adequate re-mixing
Mixing temperature and time
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23. Proprietary Methods
In proprietary products, this is normally compensated for by the
addition of an appropriate amount of an accelerator such as
triethanolamine. By adjustment of the amount of accelerator
incorporated in the admixture, a range of setting times may be
obtained. Indeed, products can be formulated to compensate for
the changes in ambient temperature between summer and winter.
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24. Fire Rating OPC -Future of Admixtures
Source : The International Institute for Science,Technology and Education (IISTE)
i) That the Carbide Waste (CW)
performs satisfactorily as concrete fire
resistance if the proportion of the CW
is kept at 10 % replacement.
ii) The compressive strength of CW
concrete compares favourably with
that of control in ordinary water at 28
days.
iii) Soundness of cement increase as
CW content increase.
iv) CW has increase influence on both
initial and final setting time of OPC
concrete, the setting times increase
with increase in % of CW.
v) Replacing OPC with 10% of CW
would increase the fire resistance of
concrete by 14% to that of OPC
concrete at 500oC.
Effect of Admixture on Fire Resistance of
Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete
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25. Transportation & Safety
Transportation Time
Avoid limiting the type of admixtures that can be used
unless there is a specific reason (eg. Chloride based
admixtures for corrosion).
Consider specifying or allowing the use of admixtures
which do not have a specific ASTM designation with
appropriate documentation indicating beneficial use to
concrete properties.
These include colors, viscosity modifying admixtures,
hydration stabilizing admixtures, pumping aids, anti-freeze
admixtures, etc
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26. Environmental SafetyCEMENT ADMIXTURES ASSOCIATION
http://www.admixtures.org.uk/downloads/AES%2012%20Admixture,%20EcoPoints%20&%20the%20Green%20Guide.pdf
Admixtures:
Although sustainability considerations are a current focus for
admixture use, the historic benefits should not be
ignored as they contribute to the durability of concrete which in
itself is a key sustainability benefit for concrete
over other construction materials. Admixtures can give
economic benefits in both production and placing,
optimising mix design, reducing the need for heat curing in
precast and allowing modern placing methods to be
employed which reduce noise and vibration as well as faster
construction.
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27. Quality Checking Methods
QA/QC & SafetyQuality Assurance / Quality Control by http://premcorm.com
Sets of Sieves Aggregates Sample
in Tray Weighing Scale or Balance
Sieve Analysis (Grading) for Aggregates Moisture Content Determination
Thermostatic Drying Oven
Sampling of Freshly Mixed
Concrete from the Transit Mixer
Slump Cone Scoop Tamping Rod
Trowel Meter or Ruler Slump Cone
Base (Sampling Tray)
Casting of Concrete
Cylinders Specimens
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28. Costing $$$http://www.bunnings.com.au/search/products?q=admixtures&redirectFrom=Any
http://www.bunnings.com.au/search/products?q=admixtures&redirectFrom=Any&facets=CategoryIdPath%3D2a021706-07d5-4648-
bf26-2ea8fea049df%20%3E%20bfa7e4dc-1acd-4499-819c-12c0c7dea779%20%3E%20aeffcfe3-92c3-4f35-b206-64ecc6243255
Crommelin 1L
High Performance
Bonding Agent
cement 20$
General purpose 30-40
Membrane 140
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29. 29
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30. 30
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31. • http://www.supplychainmagazine.fr/TOUTE-INFO/ETUDES/SCBarometer2012-Capgemini.pdf
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