Comptia A+ note

1. Microprocessors

2. Binary Number System

3. The CPU
About CPU

4. Motherboard Components
Used for Communication
Among Devices
 The Data Bus
– System of pathways used for
communication and the protocol and
methods used for transmission

5. The Bus and Bus Lines

6. Data Bus

7. System Clock

8. Clock Speed
 Of motherboard
– Measured in megahertz (MHz)
 Of CPU
– Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

9. Basic Components of a
CPU
 Input/output (I/O) unit
 Arithmetic logic unit(s) (ALU)
 Control unit

10. How the CPU Works

11. Attributes Used to Rate
CPUs
 Processor core speed (measured in
gigahertz)
 Word size and data path
 Efficiency/special functionality of
programming code
 System bus speeds the processor
supports

12. Attributes Used to Rate
CPUs (continued)
 Amount of memory included with the
CPU (internal and external cache)
 Type of RAM, motherboard, and chip
set the processor supports
 Multiprocessor ability

13. The Pentiums
 Two ALUs (a true multiprocessor)
 64-bit external path size and two 32-bit
internal paths (one for each ALU)
 Terminology
– Bus speed
– Processor speed
– Multiplier
– Memory cache

14. Memory Cache

15. Pentium III

16. Pentium 4

17. AMD Processors (continued)

18. VIA C3 Processor

19. 64-Bit Processors
 Intel Itanium
 (Intel Pentium 4 6xx series)
 AMD 64 bit Processors i.e AMD Opteron
 Simultaneous 32 & 64 bit Processor by AMD
– Turion, Athlon 64 Fx

20. The Itanium 2 Processor

21. AMD 64-Bit Processors

22. CPU Heat Sinks and
Cooling Fans

23. Combination Heat Sink
and Cooling Fan

24. CPU Package Types
 SECC
 SECC2
 SEP
 PPGA
 PGA
 OOI/OLGA
 FC-PGA
 FC-PGA2
 PAC
 CPGA
 OPGA
 μPGA

25. CPU Slots and Sockets
 Motherboard and processor must
match
 Slots 1 and 2 are proprietary Intel
slots
 Slot A and Socket A are proprietary
AMD connectors

26. CPU Slots and Sockets
(continued)
Socket/ Slot Processors System Clock (FSB)
Socket 7 AMD K6-2,
AMD K6-III,
Intel Pentium MMX
66, 100, 133 MHz
Slot 1
Slot2
Intel Pentium II, Intel Pentium III,
Intel Celeron
Intel Pentium II Xeon (Servers)
66, 100, 133 MHz
Slot A AMD Athlon (K7) 100 MHz (200 MHz DDR)
Socket 370 Intel Pentium III,
Intel Celeron,
VIA C3
100, 133 MHz
Socket A
(Socket
462)
AMD Athlon (Thunderbird),
AMD Athlon XP (Palomino),
AMD Athlon XP
(Thoroughbred),
AMD Duron (Spitfire, Morgan)
100 MHz (200 MHz DDR),
133 MHz (266 MHz DDR)
Socket 423 Intel Pentium 4 (Willamette),
Intel Pentium 4 (Northwood)
100 MHz (400 MHz quad-pumped)
Socket 478 Intel Pentium 4 (Northwood),
Intel Celeron (Willamette)
100 MHz (400 MHz quad-pumped),
133 MHz / (533 MHz quad-pumped)

27. CPU Slots and Sockets
(continued)

28. CPU Slots and Sockets
(continued)
More info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket

29. CPU Voltage
Requirements

30. CPU Voltage Regulator
 Dual-voltage CPUs
 Single-voltage CPUs
 Voltage regulator module (VRM)
controls amount of voltage to the CPU

31. CPU Voltage Regulator
(continued)

32. Accelerated Hub
Architecture

33. Replace a CPU?
 Cost
 Cooling
 Performance