political parties

1. MADE BY
GOPAL KRISHNA BISWAS
X -B

2. WHAT ARE POLITICAL PARTIES?
• A political party is a group of people who come
together to contest elections and hold power in
the government. They agree on some policies
and programmes for a society with a view to
promote collective good.
• A political party has three main components-
1.The leaders
2.The active members and
3. The supporters.

3. FUNCTIONS OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES
• Parties contest elections.
• Parties form and run governments in country.
• Parties put different policies and programmes.
• Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
• Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of
opposition to the parties in power.
• Parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting
issues.
• Parties provide people access to gov.t machinery and welfare
schemes implemented.

4. WHAT A COMMON INDIAN THINK
ABOUT POLITICAL PARTIES?
Most people in India tend to be very
critical of political parties. They blame
parties for all the wrong with our
democracy and our political life. the
parties were also identified with social
and political divisions in our country.

5. WHY DO WE NEED POLITICAL PARTIES?
• We can understand the necessity of political parties
by imagining a situation where political parties
doesn’t exist. Every candidate in the elections will
be independent , so no candidate will be able to
make any promises to the people about any major
changes. The government may be formed but its
utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected
representatives will be accountable to their
consistuency only. No one will be responsible for
how the country will be run

6. DIFFERENT PARTY SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD
Single dominant party
In one party systems ,one political party is legally allowed to hold
effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed,
they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party.
This party may not always be identical to the government, although
sometimes positions within the party may in fact be more important
than positions within the government. China is an example;
Two political parties
Two party systems are states such as United States of America
in which there are two political parties dominant to such an
extent that electoral success under the banner of any other
party is almost impossible. One right wing coalition party and
one left wing coalition party .

7. Multiple political parties
A poster for the European parliament election 2004 in Italy, showing
party lists
Multi party systems are systems in which more than two parties are
represented and elected to public office.
Australia ,Canada ,Pakistan ,India ,Ireland ,United Kingdom and
Norway are examples of countries with two strong parties and
additional smaller parties that have also obtained representation. The
smaller or "third" parties may form a part of a coalition
government together with one of the larger parties or act independently
from the other dominant parties.
More commonly, in cases where there are three or more
parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and
parties work with each other to form coalition
government .

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN PARTY SYSTEM
1. Multiple Party system – In 2006 – national parties
-6; regional parties -35, non – recognized parties –
612,
2. Rise of Effective Opposition Party
3. Independent Members
4. Existence of many Communal and Regional Parties
5. Absence of Specific Constitutional Provision -
Article 19(C) -All citizens shall have the right to
form associations or unions.
-

9. TYPES OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• There are two types of political parties –
1.National parties – A party that secures at
least 6% of the total votes in lok sabha
elections or assembly elections in four states
and win at least 4 seats in lok sabha is
recognized as a national party.
2.State / Regional parties – A party that
secures atleast 6% of the of the total votes in
state legislative assembly elections and wins
at least 2 seats is recognized as state party.

10. MAJOR NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES
S.N. Symbol Flag Name Acronym Year Party leader
1. Bahujan Samaj Party BSP 1984 Mayawati
2. Bharatiya Janata Party BJP 1980 Nitin Gadkari
3.
Communist Party of
India
CPI 1925 A.B. Bardhan
4.
Communist Party of
India (Marxist
CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karat
5. Indian National Congress INC 1885 Sonia Gandhi
6.
Nationalist Congress
Party
NCP 1999 Sharad Pawar

12. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
(INC)
• One of the oldest parties of the world
• . Founded in 1885 by members of the occultist movementTheosophical
Society—Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw
Wacha, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun
Ghose, and Mahadev Govind Ranade
• It played a important role in the independence of India.
• It was a ruling party till 1977 after independence.
• A centrist party in its ideological orientation, the party espouses secularism
and welfare of weaker sections.
• Currently leads the ruling united progressive alliance.
• The party's political symbol is hand

13. PRIME MINISTERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF
INDIA FROM THE INDIAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS
• Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)
• Gulzarilal Nanda (May–June 1964 and in January 1966)
• Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964–1966)
• Indira Gandhi (1966–1977, 1980–1984)
• Rajiv Gandhi (1984–1989)
• P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996)
• Manmohan Singh (2004–2014)

14. Chairperson Sonia Gandhi
Leader in Lok Sabha Pranab Mukherjee
Leader in Rajya Sabha Manmohan Singh
Headquarters 24, Akbar Road,
New Delhi, 110011
Student wing National Students Union of
India
Youth wing Indian Youth Congress
Women's wing Mahila Congress
Labour wing Indian National Trade Union
Congress
Political position Center-left
International affiliation Alliance of Democrats
Official colours Aqua
ECI Status National Party
Alliance United Progressive
Alliance (UPA)
Seats in Lok Sabha 205 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 70 / 250

16. BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY (BJP)
• The BJP is the current form of the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana
Sangh (BJS, Indian People's Union), which was founded in
October 21, 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee
• Believes in Indian Nationalism (Hindu Nationalism),Integral
humanism, Economic liberalism, Gandhian Socialism,
Conservatism, Social conservatism.
• Came to power in 1998 as the leader of national democratic
alliance.
• Earlier limited to the northern and western parts of the country.
• The principal opposition party in lok sabha.
• The party's political symbol is a lotus

17. Chairperson Nitin Gadkari
Leader in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj
Leader in Rajya Sabha Arun Jaitley
Preceded by Bharatiya Jana Sangh
Headquarters 11 Ashoka Road,
New Delhi, 110001
Newspaper Kamal Sandesh
Youth wing Bharatiya Janata Yuva
Morcha
Women's wing BJP Mahila Morcha
Labour wing Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
Peasant's wing Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
Political position Centre-right
Official colours Orange
ECI Status National Party
Seats in Lok Sabha 116 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 51 / 250

19. BAHUJAN S AMAJ PARTY (BSP)
• It was formed in 1984 under the leadership
of Kanshi Ram.
• Stands for the cause of securing the interests
and welfare of the dalits and oppressed
people.
• It’s main base is in Uttar Pradesh and
substantial presence in neighbouring states.
• The party's political symbol is an Elephant.

20. Chairperson Mayawati
Secretary-General Satish Chandra Mishra
Leader in Lok Sabha Rajesh Verma
Leader in Rajya Sabha Urmilesh Kumar Bharti
Headquarters 12, Gurudwara Rakabganj
Road,
New Delhi - 110001
Political position Center
Official colours Blue
ECI Status National Party
Seats in Lok Sabha 21 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 18 / 250

22. COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA
(CPI)
• It was formed in 1925. The founding members of the party
were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's wife), Abani
Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof(Abani's wife), Mohammad Ali
(Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui
and M.P.B.T. Acharya.
• It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and
democracy.
• Became weak after the split in the party in1964.
• Has significant presence in the states of Kerala ,West
Bengal ,Punjab ,Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

23. THE PRINCIPAL MASS
ORGANIZATIONS OF THE CPI ARE:
• All India Trade Union Congress
• All India Youth Federation
• All India Students Federation
• National Federation of Indian Women
• All India Kisan Sabha(peasants organization)
• Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union(agricultural workers)
• All India State Government Employees
Federation (State government employees)

24. Secretary-General A.B. Bardhan
Headquarters New Delhi, India
Political position Far-left
International affiliation International Conference of
Communist and Workers'
Parties.
Official colours Red
Alliance Left Front
ECI Status National Party

26. COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA
–MARXIST (CPI-M)
• It was founded in 1964 due to a split in communist party
of India.
• It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and
democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism.
• Enjoys strong support in West Bengal ,Kerala ,and
Tripura.
• Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30
years.

27. Secretary-General Prakash Karat
Leader in Lok Sabha Basudev Acharia
Leader in Rajya Sabha Sitaram Yechuri
Headquarters New Delhi, India
Student wing Students Federation of India
Youth wing Democratic Youth Federation
of India
Women's wing All India Democratic Womens
Association
Labour wing Centre of Indian Trade
Unions
Peasant's wing All India Kisan Sabha
Political position Far-left
ECI Status National Party
Alliance Left Front
Seats in Lok Sabha 16 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 15 / 250

29. NATIONAL CONGRESS
PARTY (NCP)
• It was formed in 1999 due to a split in Indian national
congress.
• Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social
just.ice and federalism. Wants that
high offices in government must be confined to natural
born citizens of India.
• It is a major party in Maharashtra and. significant
presence in Meghalaya ,Manipur and Assam.
• A member of United Progressive Alliance.

30. Chairperson Sharad Pawar
Founded 1999
Headquarters 10, Bishambhar Das
Marg,New Delhi, 110001
Political position Centre/Centre left
Official colours Aqua
Alliance United Progressive Alliance
ECI Status National Party
Seats in Lok Sabha 9 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 7 / 250

32. Name Year Party leader States
All India Anna Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam
1972 J. Jayalalitha Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry
All India Forward Bloc 1939 Debabrata Biswas West Bengal
All India Trinamool Congress 1998 Mamata Banerjee Arunachal Pradesh,
Asom Gana Parishad 1985 Prafulla Kumar
Mahanta
Assam
Biju Janata Dal 1997 Naveen Patnaik Orissa
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1949 M Karunanidhi Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry
Indian National Lok Dal 1999 Om Prakash Chautala Haryana
Jammu & Kashmir National
Conference
1932 Omar Abdullah Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu & Kashmir National
Panthers Party
NA Bhim Singh Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir People's
Democratic Party
1998 Mufti Mohammed
Sayeed
Jammu and Kashmir

33. Name Year Party leader States
Janata Dal (Secular) 1999 H.D. Deve Gowda Karnataka Kerala
Janata Dal (United) 1999 Nitish kumar Bihar
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 1972 Shibu Soren Jharkhand Orissa
Kerala Congress 1964 P.J. Joseph Kerala
Kerala Congress (M) 1979 C.F. Thomas Kerala
Lok Jan Shakti Party 2000 Ram Vilas Paswan Bihar
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena 2006 Raj Thackeray Maharashtra
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 1963 Shashikala Kakodkar Goa
Manipur People's Party 1968 O. Joy Singh Manipur
Mizo National Front 1959 Pu Zoramthanga Mizoram
Mizoram People's Conference 1972 Pu Lalhmingthanga Mizoram
Muslim League Kerala State
Committee
1948 G.M. Banatwalla Kerala
Nagaland People's Front 2002 Neiphiu Rio Nagaland
Pattali Makkal Katchi 1989 G. K. Mani Tamil Nadu

34. Name Year Party leader States
Praja Rajyam Party 2008 Chiranjeevi Andhra Prades
Pudhucherry Munnetra Congress 2005 P. Kannan Pondicherry
Revolutionary Socialist Party 1940 T.J. Chandrachoodan West Bengal
Samajwadi Party 1992 Mulayam Singh Yadav Uttar Pradesh
Save Goa Front NA Churchill Alemao Goa
Shiromani Akali Dal 1920 Parkash Singh Badal Punjab
Shiv Sena 1966 Bal Thackeray Maharashtra
Sikkim Democratic Front 1993 Pawan Kumar Chamling Sikkim
Telangana Rashtra Samithi 2001 K. Chandrashekar Rao Andhra Pradesh
United Democratic Party NA Donkupar Roy Meghalaya
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 1979 Bipin Chandra Tripathi Uttarakhand
Zoram Nationalist Party 1997 Lalduhoma Mizoram

35. CHALLENGES TO POLITICAL
PARTIES
The lack of internal democracy within parties manifests in
the following:
1. Parties do not keep membership registers
2. Parties do not hold organizational meetings.
3. Parties do not conduct internal elections regularly.
Ordinary members do not have sufficient information about
the party.
4. All powers get centralized among the top leaders.
Lack of internal democracy

36. CHALLENGES TO POLITICAL PARTIES
Dynastic succession is a feature common to most of the
political parties, both at the national and state level
where top positions in the party become hereditary. others
members cannot even aspire to reach these positions.
Dynastic succession
Growing role of money and muscle
The role of money and muscle is on the rise in
almost all the parties. Those with money and muscle
power begin to control the various organs of the
party.

37. HOW CAN PARTIES BE REFORMED
They can be reformed by
Maintaining a regular register of its members.
Makings rules and regulations.
Holding elections for higher posts in the party.
Giving more tickets to the women.
Giving funds to parties for elections.