3. What Is the Difference Between Weather and Climate?
It’s a sweltering midsummer day. “It must be global warming,”
mutters someone. But is it the Earth’s changing climate that has
made the day so warm? Or, is it just the weather that is so
unbearable?
Weather
Weather is the mix of events that happen each day in our
atmosphere including temperature, rainfall and humidity.
Weather is not the same everywhere. Perhaps it is hot, dry and
sunny today where you live, but in other parts of the world it is
cloudy, raining or even snowing. Everyday, weather events are
recorded and predicted by meteorologists worldwide.
Climate
Climate in your place on the globe controls the weather where
you live. Climate is the average weather pattern in a place over
many years. So, the climate of Antarctica is quite different than
the climate of a tropical island. Hot summer days are quite
typical of climates in many regions of the world, even without the
affects of global warming.

5.  The only type of severe  Called tornadoes over land
weather event that we and waterspouts over
ocean, these wild weather
name individually, these events churn air at the
are among Earth’s fastest speeds ever recorded
largest and fiercest on Earth. While they are
storms. Each storm is often short-lived, often only
existing for a few
able to, for a week or minutes, the intense winds
more, travel thousands and flying debris from
of miles stirring tornadoes can destroy
seas, toppling everything in their path.
trees, and leveling 
buildings.
 Hurricanes and typhoons Tornadoes and waterspouts

6.  These storms are common  Waking up in the morning
in the spring and summer to find a fresh white
when there is warm air
near the ground and cool blanket of snow coating
air above. Small the ground may be
thunderstorms may only commonplace in many
exist for an hour while areas, occurring several
large Super cell storms can
last for several hours times each winter, yet it
spawning remains an exciting
tornadoes, hail, intense surprise since predicting
lightning, and flash winter storms is not easy.
flooding.
 Thunderstorms Blizzards

8. Climate encompasses the statistics of, atmospheric
pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle temperature,
humidity count and other meteorological elemental
measurements in a given region over long periods. Climate can
be contrasted to weather, which is the present condition of these
elements and their variations over shorter periods. A region's
climate is generated by the climate system, which has five
components: atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land
surface, and biosphere. The climate of a location is affected by
its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water bodies
and their currents. Climates can be classified according to the
average and the typical ranges of different variables, most
commonly temperature and precipitation. Paleo climatology is the
study of ancient climates. Since direct observations of climate are
not available before the 19th century, paleo climates are inferred
from proxy variables that include non-biotic evidence such as
sediments found in lake beds and ice cores, and biotic evidence
such as tree rings and coral. Climate models are mathematical
models of past, present and future climates. Climate change may
occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors;
recent warming is discussed in global warming.

11. A depression in geology is a landform sunken or depressed below the
surrounding area. Depressions may be formed by various
mechanisms.
Structural or tectonic related:
Structural basin: A circular, syncline-like depression; a region of
tectonic down warping ( associated with a subduction zone and
island arc);
Graben or rift valley: down dropped and typically linear depressions
or basin created by rifting in a region under tensional tectonic forces.
Pull apart basin caused by offset in a strike slip or transform
fault (example: the Dead Sea area).
Oceanic trench: a deep linear depression located in the ocean floor.
Oceanic trenches are caused by the subduction (when one tectonic
plate is pushed underneath another) of oceanic crust beneath either
other oceanic crust or continental crust.
Sedimentary related:
Sedimentary basin: In sedimentology, an area thickly filled with
sediment in which the weight of the sediment further depresses the
floor of the basin.

12. An anticyclone (that is, opposite to a cyclone) is
a weather phenomenon defined by the United States' National
Weather Service's glossary as large-scale circulation of winds
around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in
the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the Southern
Hemisphere". Effects of surface-based anticyclones include
clearing skies as well as cooler, drier air. Fog can also form
overnight within a region of higher pressure. Mid- tropospheric
systems, such as the subtropical ridge, deflect tropical cyclones
around their periphery and cause a temperature
inversion inhibiting free convection near their center, building up
surface-based haze under their base. Anticyclones aloft can form
within warm core lows, such as tropical cyclones, due to
descending cool air from the backside of upper troughs, such as
polar highs, or from large scale sinking, such as the subtropical
ridge. Anticyclonic flow spirals in a clockwise direction in
the Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the Southern
Hemisphere.

13. In the first investigations of Climate and Weather, your students
developed a working concept of air—a gas material that surrounds the
Earth, fills space and exerts pressure on its surroundings. In Weather 3,
you will help them to develop a concept of moving air or wind. Based on
observations of their surroundings and the behavior of a simple
instrument they make themselves, your students will learn to report two
properties of moving air; wind speed and direction.The idea that air
reaches us from different directions at different times may also be new to
young children. While they know wind occurs from time to time, they
may not notice the different wind directions. It is also unlikely that they
will associate different wind speeds and directions with particular
weather patterns. Do storms always come from the same direction? Do
high winds mean the weather is going to change? Do winds bring hot
weather or cold weather, or both? These are some of the questions that
young children may have never asked themselves because their focus in
on how the wind is acting on them at a given moment, not over long
periods of hours or days.