The document identifies three types of interpersonal conflict originally proposed by Gerald Miller and Mark Steinberg: pseudo-conflict, simple conflict, and ego conflict. Pseudo-conflict involves perceived conflicts that do not actually exist, while simple conflict is a difference of opinions where issues are clear. Ego conflict is the most difficult as it involves personal attacks and strong emotions. The document provides strategies for managing each conflict type such as focusing on issues rather than personalities, listening actively, and using problem-solving approaches.

1. The following three types of conflict were first identified by
Gerald Miller and Mark Steinberg. Identifying these classic
types of interpersonal conflict can help to better manage
conflict overall in a group.

2.  Pseudo-Conflict a misleading type of conflict.
Members “think” there are conflicts, when in reality,
none exist.
 In this type of conflict, it is imperative that a true
understanding of the issues and where everyone
stands is accomplished.

3.  Ask for clarification of other’s positions or views of the
conflicting element
 Do not jump to conclusions – think positively until all
has been made clear
 Listen actively utilizing the following criteria:
 Stop
 Look
 Listen
 Question
 Paraphrase Content
 Paraphrase Feelings

4.  Simple Conflict is the most common type of conflict
which happens when two people do not meet eye-to-
eye on a subject.
 Issues are clear and the participants can view the
problem
 Simple Conflict is a classic case of difference of
opinion.

5.  Make each of your positions clear
 Relate to the issues only; do not make this personal.
 Use facts instead of feelings
 Used structured strategies such as: define, analyze,
identify, and evaluate.
 If necessary – compromise
 Decide on areas where you agree
 Wait and take time to decide, do not rush the decision.

6.  Ego Conflict is the most difficult to manage because of
the human element involved.
 One or both parties feel that they are being personally
attacked
 This feeling of being attacked puts the parties on
guard and the situation is very emotionally charged.

7.  Try to listen actively
 Do not focus on personal traits or issues… keep to the
facts
 Do not look for a winner – strive for a solution
 Describe your stand, refrain from judging or
evaluating your opponent on a personal level
 By instituting rules and guidelines, you can avoid
personal clashes
 Focus on areas of agreement whenever possible

8.  Three conflict types were introduced by Miller and
Steinberg
 These types are Pseudo, Simple and Ego Conflict
 Strategies relating to all three types are:
 Keep a cool head
 Focus on issues
 Listen
 Question (facts not personalities)
 Use problem-solving approaches

9.  Beebe, S (2008). Communication in Small Groups
Principles and Practices. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.