The eight parts of speech: verbs, nouns, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.

1. THE PARTS OF SPEECH
The eight parts of speech: verbs, nouns, pronouns,
adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions
and interjections.
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2. Adjective
A word imputing a characteristic to a noun or
pronoun. It’s a content word.
Possessive
adjectives
My, your, his,
her, its, our,
their
Her eyes were
really beautiful.
Demonstrative
adjectives
This, that,
these, those
If I hear that
parrot again, I’ll
call the RSPCA.
Descriptive
adjectives
New, red, tall,
deep, honest,
stormy
My new red is
parked in the
driveway.

3. Adverb: is a word that changes or qualifies the
meaning of a verb, adjective, other adverb, clause,
sentence, or any other word, or phrase.
Classification of
adverbs: interrogative
and prepositional
Adverbs are content
words.
Examples: slowly, often, here,
quickly, lightly, beautifully.
The fan works slowly

4. Pronoun is a word or form that substitutes for
a noun or noun phrase.
Classification of pronouns:
interrogative, objective,
personal, possessive,
prepositional and reflexive.
Examples: I, mine, my, your, him,
it`s, she.
This cellphone is mine.
Pronouns are
fuction words.

5. Is a word to used to name a person,
animal, place, thing, and abstract
idea.
Types of nouns:
Common
Nouns
Proper
Nouns
Concrete
Nouns
Abstract
Nouns
Non -
Countable
Nouns
Countable
Nouns
Collective
Nouns

6. Abstract
Nouns:
Things you
cannot see or
touch.
Collective
Nouns:
To describe
groups.
Proper Nouns:
Represents the name
of a specific person,
place or thing. The
name of days of the
week, months,
historical documents,
institutions,
religions,etc.
Concrete
Nouns:
Things you
can see or
touch.

7. Noun –
countable
Nouns:
(mass nouns)
Things you
cannot count.
Gender specific
Nouns:
Words wich are
definitely male
or female.
Verbal
Nouns:
Nouns that
represent
actions.
Compound
nouns:
Two or
more nouns
combined
to form a
single noun.

8. Abstract Nouns
Examples:
 Bravery.
 Joy.
 Charity.
 Courage.
 Depression.
 Care.
 Destiny.
 Dislike.
 Emotion.
 Euphoria.
 Feeling.
 Fortune.
 Need.
 Opinion.
 Pleasure.
 Power.
 Sadness.
 Weakness.
 Desire.

9.  team.
 chair.
 cabinet.
 school.
 regiment.
 board.
 group.
 class.
 cast.
 family.
 band.
 company.
 crowd.
 faculty.
 navy.
 staff.
 audience.
Collective Nouns
Examples:

10. Proper Nouns
Examples:
 Barack Obama. (US President)
 Boston. (City)
 Buddhism. (Name of a religion)
 Campbell’s soup. (product)
 David. (person’s name)
 Declaration of Independence
(oficial document)
 Detroit Tigers. (baseball team)
 Eggo Waffles. (product)
 Honda Accord. (product)
 Maryland. (state)
 New York Times. (newspaper)
 Queen Elizabet. (title and
name of person)
 Snoopy. (cartoon character)
 Forever 21. (store)
 Columbia. (school)

11.  Tree.
 Cloud.
 Flowers.
 Rain.
 Cookies.
 Panther.
 Doughnut.
 Elevator.
 Onion.
 Analyst.
 Wound.
 Haystack.
 Cat.
 Dog.
 Table.
Concrete Nouns
Examples:

12.  Food.
 Music.
 Tea.
 Sugar.
 Water.
 Rice.
 Air.
 Love.
 Beauty.
 Garlic.
 History.
 Stuff.
Noun – countable Nouns
Examples:

13.  Vixen.
 Actress.
 Actor.
 Boy.
 Sister.
 Duke.
 Man.
 Women.
 Bear.
 Elephant.
 Dancers.
 Babies.
 Student.
 Doctor.
 Teacher.
 Bag.
 Pen.
Gender specific Nouns
Examples:

14.  Running.
 Guessing.
 Cooking.
 Traveling.
 Walking.
 Talking.
 Watching.
 Drinking.
 Writing.
Verbal Nouns
Examples:

15.  Court – martial.
 Pick pocket.
 Water bottle.
 Something.
 Keyboard.
 Supermarket.
 Weekend.
 Six pack.
 Black board.
 Washing machine.
 Haircut.
 Mother-in-law.
 Football.
 Bus stop.
 Fire-flies.
 Full moon.
 Software.
 Swimming pool.
Compound Nouns
Examples:

16. VERBS
Words used to describe an
action.
Finite
Verbs
Infinite
Verbs
Helping
Verbs

17. FINITE VERBS
•I baked some
cookies.
Transitive
verbs
•I laughed.
Intransitive
verbs
•Am, feel, keep,
etc.
Linking
verbs

18. INFINITIVE VERBS
• To beInfinitives
• Admit= he admitted..Gerunds
• Present= I have
• Past= I had been
• Perfect= Having finished
Participles

19. HELPING VERBS
•Be, am, is,
etc.
Primary
auxiliaries
•You should
study.
Modal
auxiliaries

20. INTERJECTIONS:
 Is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion
you usually follow and interjection with and
exclamation mark:
 EXAMPLES:
 OUCH!!! OH NOOO..
 HEEY..! , EH? , GOOD LORD
 WOOW!!
 I WON THE LOTTERY!!!!!

21. ARTICLE :
 Is a word that is used with a noun to indicate the
tarpe of reference being made by noun.
 EXAMPLES :
 AN , A , ON , THE
 I need a glass of water
 The younger member
 I traveled on the sea

22. Conjunctions

23. Coordinating
Conjunctions
Correlative
Conjunctions
Conjunctive
Adverbs
Subordinating
Conjunctions
Join equals to one
another:
for, and, but, or, yet,
so.
These pairs of
conjunctions require
equal structures after
each one.
Either … or
Neither … or
Both … and
Not only … but also
These conjunctions
join independent
clauses together.
After all, also, as a
result, indeed , in fact,
in other words,
instead, like wise,
besides, consequently,
finally, meanwhile,
moreover,
nevertheless, next,
nonetheless, for
example, furthermore,
hence, on the
contrary, on the other
hand, other wise, still,
therefore, however, in
edition, incidentally .
Also join two clauses
together, but in doing
so, they make one
clause dependent
upon the other.
After, although, as, as
for as, as soon as, as
if, because, before,
even if, even though,
how, if, in case, in
order, insofar, in that,
no matter how, now
that.

24. Prepositions

25. English Usage Example
•on •days of the week •on Monday
•in •months / seasons
•time of day
•year
•after a certain period of time (when?)
•in August / in winter
•in the morning
•in 2006
•in an hour
•at •for night
•for weekend
•a certain point of time (when?)
•at night
•at the weekend
•at half past nine
•since •from a certain point of time (past till now) •since 1980
•for •over a certain period of time (past till now) •for 2 years
•ago •a certain time in the past •2 years ago
•before •earlier than a certain point of time •before 2004
•to •telling the time •ten to six (5:50)
•past •telling the time •ten past six (6:10)
•to / till /
until
•marking the beginning and end of a period of time •from Monday to/till Friday
•till /
until
•in the sense of how long something is going to last •He is on holiday until Friday.
•by •in the sense of at the latest
•up to a certain time
•I will be back by 6 o’clock.
•By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.
Time

26. English Usage Example
•in •room, building, street, town, country
•book, paper etc.
•car, taxi
•picture, world
•in the kitchen, in London
•in the book
•in the car, in a taxi
•in the picture, in the world
•at •meaning next to, by an object
•for table
•for events
•place where you are to do something typical
(watch a film, study, work)
•at the door, at the station
•at the table
•at a concert, at the party
•at the cinema, at school, at work
•on •attached
•for a place with a river
•being on a surface
•for a certain side (left, right)
•for a floor in a house
•for public transport
•for television, radio
•the picture on the wall
•London lies on the Thames.
•on the table
•on the left
•on the first floor
•on the bus, on a plane
•on TV, on the radio
•by, next
to, beside
•left or right of somebody or something •Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
•under •on the ground, lower than (or covered by)
something else
•the bag is under the table
•below •lower than something else but above ground •the fish are below the surface
Place

27. •over •covered by something else
•meaning more than
•getting to the other side (also across)
•overcoming an obstacle
•put a jacket over your shirt
•over 16 years of age
•walk over the bridge
•climb over the wall
•above •higher than something else, but not
directly over it
•a path above the lake
•across •getting to the other side (also over)
•getting to the other side
•walk across the bridge
•swim across the lake
•through •something with limits on top, bottom
and the sides
•drive through the tunnel
•to •movement to person or building
•movement to a place or country
•for bed
•go to the cinema
•go to London / Ireland
•go to bed
•into •enter a room / a building •go into the kitchen / the house
•towards •movement in the direction of
something (but not directly to it)
•go 5 steps towards the house
•onto •movement to the top of something •jump onto the table
•from •in the sense of where from •a flower from the garden
Place

28. English Usage Example
•from •who gave it •a present from Jane
•of •who/what does it belong to
•what does it show
•a page of the book
•the picture of a palace
•by •who made it •a book by Mark Twain
•on •walking or riding on horseback
•entering a public transport vehicle
•on foot, on horseback
•get on the bus
•in •entering a car / Taxi •get in the car
•off •leaving a public transport vehicle •get off the train
•out of •leaving a car / Taxi •get out of the taxi
•by •rise or fall of something
•travelling (other than walking or
horseriding)
•prices have risen by 10 percent
•by car, by bus
•at •for age •she learned Russian at 45
•about •for topics, meaning what about •we were talking about you
Other important
Prepositions