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The Forest
                          Garden Vision
                          Kazakhstan, Polycultures, and Eden




www.appleseedpermaculture.com
  Ethan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture LLC
  With Gratitude to Dave Jacke, Eric Toensmeier, and Dyami Nason-Regan.

                                                                          Apios
                                                                          Institute
The Permaculture Pie
                                                 biochar/
                           bioremediation       terra preta
            composting &                                         aquaculture
                                                                                food forestry
             compost tea
 coppice                                                                                       perennial
woodcrafts                                                                                    vegetables
& biomass
                                                                                                apiculture


  keyline                                                                                     mycoscaping

  management-                                                                             alternative
intensive grazing                                                                         currencies
                    earthworks
                                                     edible forest       green architecture
                                 natural building
                                                      gardening
The Permaculture Pie
                                                 biochar/
                           bioremediation       terra preta
            composting &                                      aquaculture
                                                                             food forestry
             compost tea
 coppice                                                                                    perennial
woodcrafts                                                                                 vegetables
& biomass
                                                                                             apiculture


  keyline                                                                                  mycoscaping

  management-                                                                          alternative
intensive grazing                                                                      currencies
                    earthworks
                                 natural building
                                                    edible forest     green architecture
                                                     gardening
GAIA UNIVERSITY
  NORTHEAST
    www.gaianortheast.org
5
“Multi-Gene Cuisine”
          Sweden
                   Kazakhstan

Home
                           Japan




Chile                  New Zealand
Balsgard,
Sweden
Japan:
Sacred Fruit
Japan Apples
Japan Apples
Japan Apples
Research, Chile
Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples
Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples




• Tian-Shan Mountains
Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples




• Tian-Shan Mountains
Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples




• Tian-Shan Mountains

• Similar climate, temperate forests…
Kazakhstan: Zailisky Range
Valley, Zailisky Range
Ancient Trees

      40-50ft tall




80-100 years old
Ancient Trees

      40-50ft tall




80-100 years old
Tree Size
         Wild Kazakh tree
              60-70ft


US Orchard
Apple Tree
  12-15ft

               Ethan
               5’10”
The Wild Apple Forest
Diversity!
Aimak Djangaliev
The Silk Road
The Silk Road
The Silk Road
The Silk Road
Why Visit
the Origin?
Why Visit
   the Origin?
• Center of
  Diversity
Why Visit
   the Origin?
• Center of
  Diversity
• Interesting Traits:
Ridgetop, 5300ft
EMAL27
             EMAL27
1616m
N43.22.11’
E77.40.38’

53mm avg.
diameter

Amazing
Lemon-
Candy
Flavor
EMAL25
EMAL25
         1619m
         N43.22.11’
         E77.40.36’

         49mm avg.
         diameter

         Bitter-Sweet.
         Wild red-
         flesh variety.
EMAL25
EMAL25
         1619m
         N43.22.11’
         E77.40.36’

         49mm avg.
         diameter

         Bitter-Sweet.
         Wild red-
         flesh variety.
Eden?
Eden?
Eden?
Eden?
Eden?
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
• Pears,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
• Pears,
• Apricots,
• Cherries,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
•   Walnuts,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
•   Walnuts,
•   Almonds,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
•   Walnuts,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
•   Walnuts,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
•   Mulberries,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
•   Walnuts,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
•   Mulberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     • Rosehips,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
•   Walnuts,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
•   Mulberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     • Rosehips,
                  • Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,
•   Walnuts,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
•   Mulberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     • Rosehips,
                  • Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        • Barberries,
•   Walnuts,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
•   Mulberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
•   Mulberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,
•   Mulberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             • Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             • Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                       • Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             • Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                       • Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,                          • Hops,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             •   Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                       •   Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,                          •   Hops,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
                                       •   Onions,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             •   Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                       •   Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,                          •   Hops,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
                                       •   Onions,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                                       •   Cannabis,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             •   Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                       •   Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,                          •   Hops,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
                                       •   Onions,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                                       •   Cannabis,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,                           •   Sorrels,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             •   Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                       •   Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,                          •   Hops,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
                                       •   Onions,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                                       •   Cannabis,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,                           •   Sorrels,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
                                       •   Umbels,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                             •   Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                       •   Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,                          •   Hops,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
                                       •   Onions,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                                       •   Cannabis,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,                           •   Sorrels,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
                                       •   Umbels,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                                       •   Rhubarbs,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,
What Else Grows in the Wild Apple
           Forests…?
•   Pears,                           •   Grapes,
•   Apricots,     •   Rosehips,
                                     •   Currants,
                  •   Raspberries,
•   Cherries,                        •   Hops,
•   Plums,        •   Barberries,
                                     •   Onions,
•   Walnuts,      •   Bilberries,
                                     •   Cannabis,
                  •   Elderberries,
•   Almonds,                         •   Sorrels,
•   Pistachios,   •   Silverberries,
                                     •   Umbels,
•   Mulberries,   •   Seaberries,
                                     •   Rhubarbs,
                  •   Gooseberries,
•   Hawthornes,                      •   and more…
The Wild Apple Forest
The Wild Food Forest
Monoculture Mind   30
Monoculture Mind   31
Monoculture Mind   32
What can we do?




                  33
Monoculture Mind   34
Polyculture Paradise!   35
Polyculture Paradise!   36
Polyculture Paradise!   37
Polyculture Paradise!   38
Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
  structure and function of temperate forests.
Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
  structure and function of temperate forests.
Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
  structure and function of temperate forests.

• A perennial polyculture of
  multipurpose plants
  –   Perennial = 3-3000+ yrs
  –   Mono vs. Poly
  –   Each species fulfills
  
    AT LEAST 3 functions (7 f’s)
Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
• A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the
  structure and function of temperate forests.

• A perennial polyculture of
  multipurpose plants
   –   Perennial = 3-3000+ yrs
   –   Mono vs. Poly
   –   Each species fulfills
   
    AT LEAST 3 functions (7 f’s)

• Forest Gardens: Like vs. In
Perennial
   Polyculture
  Medlar
  (Mespilus germanica)
    Tansy
    (Tanacetum vulgare)
       Yarrow
       (Achillea millefolium)
Common Comfrey
(Symphytum officinale)
  Blue Comfrey
  (Symphytum grandiflorum)
Production Scale
‘Support A’ Polyculture
TBD understory
44
45
46
47
Kazakh Mimic Patch 2006




                      Photo: Ethan Roland
Kazakh Mimic Patch 2006
Kazakh Mimic Patch 2008




                          50
Kazakh Mimic Patch 2009




                          51
The Wild Food Forest
The Wild Food Forests




                        53
54
55
The Forest
                          Garden Vision
                          Kazakhstan, Polycultures, and Eden




www.appleseedpermaculture.com
  Ethan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture LLC
  With Gratitude to Dave Jacke, Eric Toensmeier, and Dyami Nason-Regan.

                                                                          Apios
                                                                          Institute

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The Forest Garden Vision

  • 1. The Forest Garden Vision Kazakhstan, Polycultures, and Eden www.appleseedpermaculture.com Ethan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture LLC With Gratitude to Dave Jacke, Eric Toensmeier, and Dyami Nason-Regan. Apios Institute
  • 2. The Permaculture Pie biochar/ bioremediation terra preta composting & aquaculture food forestry compost tea coppice perennial woodcrafts vegetables & biomass apiculture keyline mycoscaping management- alternative intensive grazing currencies earthworks edible forest green architecture natural building gardening
  • 3. The Permaculture Pie biochar/ bioremediation terra preta composting & aquaculture food forestry compost tea coppice perennial woodcrafts vegetables & biomass apiculture keyline mycoscaping management- alternative intensive grazing currencies earthworks natural building edible forest green architecture gardening
  • 4. GAIA UNIVERSITY NORTHEAST www.gaianortheast.org
  • 5. 5
  • 6. “Multi-Gene Cuisine” Sweden Kazakhstan Home Japan Chile New Zealand
  • 14. Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples • Tian-Shan Mountains
  • 15. Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples • Tian-Shan Mountains
  • 16. Kazakhstan: The Origin of Apples • Tian-Shan Mountains • Similar climate, temperate forests…
  • 19. Ancient Trees 40-50ft tall 80-100 years old
  • 20. Ancient Trees 40-50ft tall 80-100 years old
  • 21. Tree Size Wild Kazakh tree 60-70ft US Orchard Apple Tree 12-15ft Ethan 5’10”
  • 22. The Wild Apple Forest
  • 30. Why Visit the Origin? • Center of Diversity
  • 31. Why Visit the Origin? • Center of Diversity • Interesting Traits:
  • 33. EMAL27 EMAL27 1616m N43.22.11’ E77.40.38’ 53mm avg. diameter Amazing Lemon- Candy Flavor
  • 34. EMAL25 EMAL25 1619m N43.22.11’ E77.40.36’ 49mm avg. diameter Bitter-Sweet. Wild red- flesh variety.
  • 35. EMAL25 EMAL25 1619m N43.22.11’ E77.40.36’ 49mm avg. diameter Bitter-Sweet. Wild red- flesh variety.
  • 36. Eden?
  • 37. Eden?
  • 38. Eden?
  • 39. Eden?
  • 40. Eden?
  • 41. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…?
  • 42. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears,
  • 43. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots,
  • 44. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Cherries,
  • 45. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Cherries, • Plums,
  • 46. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Cherries, • Plums, • Walnuts,
  • 47. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Cherries, • Plums, • Walnuts, • Almonds,
  • 48. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Cherries, • Plums, • Walnuts, • Almonds, • Pistachios,
  • 49. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Cherries, • Plums, • Walnuts, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Mulberries,
  • 50. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Cherries, • Plums, • Walnuts, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Mulberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 51. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Cherries, • Plums, • Walnuts, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Mulberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 52. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Walnuts, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Mulberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 53. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Mulberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 54. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Mulberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 55. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Mulberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 56. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 57. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 58. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 59. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 60. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 61. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Hops, • Plums, • Barberries, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 62. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Hops, • Plums, • Barberries, • Onions, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 63. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Hops, • Plums, • Barberries, • Onions, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Cannabis, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 64. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Hops, • Plums, • Barberries, • Onions, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Cannabis, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Sorrels, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 65. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Hops, • Plums, • Barberries, • Onions, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Cannabis, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Sorrels, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Umbels, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 66. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Hops, • Plums, • Barberries, • Onions, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Cannabis, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Sorrels, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Umbels, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Rhubarbs, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes,
  • 67. What Else Grows in the Wild Apple Forests…? • Pears, • Grapes, • Apricots, • Rosehips, • Currants, • Raspberries, • Cherries, • Hops, • Plums, • Barberries, • Onions, • Walnuts, • Bilberries, • Cannabis, • Elderberries, • Almonds, • Sorrels, • Pistachios, • Silverberries, • Umbels, • Mulberries, • Seaberries, • Rhubarbs, • Gooseberries, • Hawthornes, • and more…
  • 68. The Wild Apple Forest
  • 69. The Wild Food Forest
  • 73. What can we do? 33
  • 79. Edible Forest Garden: A Definition
  • 80. Edible Forest Garden: A Definition • A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the structure and function of temperate forests.
  • 81. Edible Forest Garden: A Definition • A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the structure and function of temperate forests.
  • 82. Edible Forest Garden: A Definition • A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the structure and function of temperate forests. • A perennial polyculture of multipurpose plants – Perennial = 3-3000+ yrs – Mono vs. Poly – Each species fulfills AT LEAST 3 functions (7 f’s)
  • 83. Edible Forest Garden: A Definition • A consciously designed ecosystem that mimics the structure and function of temperate forests. • A perennial polyculture of multipurpose plants – Perennial = 3-3000+ yrs – Mono vs. Poly – Each species fulfills AT LEAST 3 functions (7 f’s) • Forest Gardens: Like vs. In
  • 84. Perennial Polyculture Medlar (Mespilus germanica) Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Common Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) Blue Comfrey (Symphytum grandiflorum)
  • 88. 44
  • 89. 45
  • 90. 46
  • 91. 47
  • 92. Kazakh Mimic Patch 2006 Photo: Ethan Roland
  • 96. The Wild Food Forest
  • 97. The Wild Food Forests 53
  • 98. 54
  • 99. 55
  • 100. The Forest Garden Vision Kazakhstan, Polycultures, and Eden www.appleseedpermaculture.com Ethan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture LLC With Gratitude to Dave Jacke, Eric Toensmeier, and Dyami Nason-Regan. Apios Institute