ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage. For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/ From salt decay in lab to exercise salt decay pathology on the monument

1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Knowing the built heritage Module 3 Basic Cour s e Exercises Exercise 3 . 8.B From salt decay in lab to exercise salt decay pathology on the monument Educational Toolkit

2. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012 This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained. Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

3. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS Module 3 Exercises Set

4. From salt decay in lab to exercise salt decay pathology on the monument Prof. Antonia Moropoulou

5. Medieval City of Rhodes International Port Modern City of Rhodes Prof. Antonia Moropoulou

6. The characteristic form of alveolar weathering of the porous biocalcarenite of Rhodes caused by NaCl crystallization Prof. Antonia Moropoulou

7. Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Theoulakis, P., Moropoulou, A., “Salt crystal growth as weathering mechanism of porous stone on historic masonry”, J. Porous Materials, 6 (1999) pp. 345-358 First steps of NaCl crystals growth in a stone pore. A granular aggregate made of smaller and isometric crystals on the wet substrate Salt Crystal Growth

8. Large crystals showing their specific equilibrium forms grow completely immersed in the solution Salt Crystal Growth Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Theoulakis, P., Moropoulou, A., “Salt crystal growth as weathering mechanism of porous stone on historic masonry”, J. Porous Materials, 6 (1999) pp. 345-358

9. Detail showing how rounded isometric crystals pass into mainly columnar growth Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Salt Crystal Growth Theoulakis, P., Moropoulou, A., “Salt crystal growth as weathering mechanism of porous stone on historic masonry”, J. Porous Materials, 6 (1999) pp. 345-358

10. Columnar crystals of NaCl forming a compact aggregate. Morphological details of orients crystal growth Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Salt Crystal Growth Theoulakis, P., Moropoulou, A., “Salt crystal growth as weathering mechanism of porous stone on historic masonry”, J. Porous Materials, 6 (1999) pp. 345-358

11. Detail showing the subcapillary gap between columnar NaCl crystals and the substrate. Through this gap the crystal keeps in contact with the solution that feeds it with the necessary ions Salt Crystal Growth Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Theoulakis, P., Moropoulou, A., “Salt crystal growth as weathering mechanism of porous stone on historic masonry”, J. Porous Materials, 6 (1999) pp. 345-358

12. Columnar NaCl crystals. They partially overlap the individual pore spaces and join to compact aggregates showing that possibly a disruption has already occurred at this place Salt Crystal Growth Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Theoulakis, P., Moropoulou, A., “Salt crystal growth as weathering mechanism of porous stone on historic masonry”, J. Porous Materials, 6 (1999) pp. 345-358

13. Validation of NDT by Lab Techniques Fibre Optics Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscopy Digital Image Processing Moropoulou, A., Koui, M., Tsiourva, Th., Kourteli, Ch., Papasotiriou, D., “Macro- and micro non destructive tests for environmental impact assessment on architectural surfaces”, Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology V, Vol. 462, ed. P.B. Vandiver, J.R. Druzik, J.F. Merkel, J. Stewart, Publ. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh (1997) pp. 343-349 Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Alveolar Weathering

14. Validation of NDT by Lab Techniques Fibre Optics Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscopy Digital Image Processing Prof. Antonia Moropoulou Hard Carbonate Crust Moropoulou, A., Koui, M., Tsiourva, Th., Kourteli, Ch., Papasotiriou, D., “Macro- and micro non destructive tests for environmental impact assessment on architectural surfaces”, Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology V, Vol. 462, ed. P.B. Vandiver, J.R. Druzik, J.F. Merkel, J. Stewart, Publ. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh (1997) pp. 343-349