By Rizki Asikin Off-grid electrification for development of small islands represents a number of unique challenges under the broad category of rural electrification. Small, off-grid island communities are particularly vulnerable to diesel price fluctuations and natural disasters, and thus, enhancing resilience through more sustainable and cheaper energy technologies should be a key priority. Financing the transition to these technologies – usually photovoltaic, micro-hydro or sometimes wind – is an essential hurdle to overcome. Once electricity systems are in place it is equally important that they are sustained in the longer term with effective arrangements for operation and maintenance, cost recovery etc. Related to this, is the productive use of the energy provided to increase islander incomes. The workshop on Bunaken Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia from 3 to 5 November 2015, organised by the Smart Villages Initiative in collaboration with Kopernik, will explore these issues and develop recommendations for policy makers, development agencies and other stakeholders in energy provision to island communities. More info: http://e4sv.org/events/off-grid-islands-electricity-workshop/

1. PT PLN (PERSERO)
Off-Grid Islands Electricity Workshop
Rizki Asikin
New and Renewable Energy Division
Bunaken, Nov 4th 2015

2. PLN BUSSINESSES
Generation
 Controls approximately
43,457 MW of installed
generating capacity, over
85% of Indonesia’s total
 Owns and operates 1,267
generation plants
 Main purchaser of
electricity from
Independent Power
Producers (IPPs)
Transmission
 Sole provider of power
transmission in Indonesia
 Approximately 52,134
kmc of transmission lines
 90,342 MVA of
transmission transformer
capacity
PLN Business Segments:
Distribution
 Sole distributor of
electricity to end
customers in Indonesia
(1)
 Approximately 833,902
kmc of distribution lines
and 45,024 MVA of
transformer capacity
 Serving approximately
56 million customers
PLN is the state-owned enterprise of power utility in Indonesia.

3. NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY DIVISION OF PT PLN (Persero)
• It is under the Corporate Planning Directorate
• Main task covers the development of new and renewable
energy, either by PLN or Independent Power Producer (IPP).
• There are 3 sub-divisions:
a. Hydro
b. Geothermal
c. Alternative (Biomass, Wind, Solar PV, Ocean, Nuclear,
Coal Slurry, Hydrogen, etc.)
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4. DIESEL
49,7 %
GAS
20,1 % COAL
24,5 %
RE
5,7%
DIESEL
25%
GAS 22%
COAL
30%
RE
23%
JUNE 2015
 Average Energy Consumption 7% per Year
 RE in National Energy Mix  5%
 Increase of RE to 23% in 2015
TARGET OF 2025
(PP No. 79 Tahun 2014 about
Kebijakan Energi Nasional)

5. Gas
Geothermal
Hydro
LNG
HSD MFO
Coal
1. President regulation No. 4/2010 instructed PLN to
accelerate the RE development
2. GOI has set a goal that 23 % of national energy
mixed in 2025 shall come from RE
3. GOI set a target to increase electrification ratio 99,5
% by 2025
4. GOI introduced Feed in Tariff for small RE ≤ 10 MW
5. PLN is obliged to purchase the electricity from RE
power generation (take and pay)
POLICY AND TARGET

6. 6

7. PLN EXPERIENCE(S) IN
OFF-GRID DEVELOPMENT

8. INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND:
• The major domination of diesel generator in remote islands.
• Cost of electricity fuel/diesel based is expensive .
• Challenge in fuel supply (transportation)
GOALS:
• Reduce the diesel consumption
• Increase the ratio of electrification
• Increase the development of new and renewable energy.
• Reduce the cost of electricity.

9. CONSIDERATIONS
MAIN PRIORITY FOR REGIONS WITH:
• High diesel/fuel consumption
• Remote or isolated areas / islands
• Expensive cost of electricity production
• Limited alternative of energy sources to produce electricity
• No electricity access whatsoever
• Limited availability of electricity (up to 12 hours per day)

10. STRATEGY
STRATEGY:
• Work with local government in land relinquishment
• Prioritize the use of Diesel – Solar PV Hybrid by using the existing diesel
engine
• Options of either on-grid connection, off-grid, or hybrid depending on the
existing grid on the site
• Limit the penetration of intermittent sources (PV, Wind, etc.) up to 20% of
daytime peak load (especially for on-grid)
• Provide electricity of up to 12 hours in areas where no access to electricity
• Increase the electricity availability for up to 24 hours in area where electricity
access is limited
• Open for IPP scheme or assigned by EBTKE

11. PLTS ON GRID
GRIDPLTS ON GRID
PANEL PV INVERTER TRAFO

12. PLTS OFF GRID (PV + BAT; MICRO GRID)
GRID
PLTS
PLTS OFF GRID
PANEL PV INVERTER TRAFOCHARGE
CONTROLLER

13. PLTS HYBRID (MICRO GRID)
PLTS HYBRID
PANEL PV
TRAFO
INVERTER
CHARGE
CONTROLLER
JAR. DIST. 20 kV
BATTERY
GENERTOR
DIESEL
GRID
PLTS

14. SOLAR PV DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
PLTS 6
TOURISTIC ISLANDS
(6 locations; 0,92 MWp)
PLTS 11
FRONTIER ISLANDS
(5 locations; 1,35 MWp
4 lokasi batal)
PLTS 100 PULAU IT
(36 locations; …….MWp.
78 location is cancelled)
PLTS 1000 ISLANDS (REEP Project)
(94 lokasi di NTT; 20 MWp. Consultant Procurement)
2010 02/2012 06/2012 20152013

15. EXAMPLE: PLTS AIR MAMA, ALOR
PROJECT:
- Name : PLTS Air Mama
- Capacity: 125 kWp
- Population: 190.026 people ( ±500 residentials)
- Average Sun Irradiation : 5,63 kWh/m2/day
Latar Belakang:
Desa Air Mama has yet no electricity access. Nearest PLTD is in Baranusa with
operational hours up to 12 hours. The closest diesel supply (Pertamina’s depot) is ± 125
km away in Kalabahi with transportation cost Rp. 780 /litre by motor boat (total fuel tank
storage of 20.000 litre). PLTS Air Mama will be connected to distribution lines of MV 20
kV and LV 220 V of ±10 kmc and ±12 kmc, respectively). This scheme will increase the
electricity supply for up to 24 hours.

16. 1. The potential of RE development in Indonesia is
challenging and promising, therefore Indonesia is
attractive for RE industries
2. PV Development is aimed to increase the
electrification ratio and to reduce the diesel fuel
consumption in remote areas/island
CLOSING REMARKS

17. THANK YOU
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18. KELEBIHAN DAN KEKURANGAN TIAP KONFIGURASI PLTS
ASPEK ON GRID OFF GRID HIBRID (PLTD+PLTS)
KEUNTUNGAN
- Investasi rendah
- Biaya O&M sangat rendah
- LCOE (levelized cost of
electricity) rendah
- Tidak butuh BBM
- Tujuan mengurangi BBM
- CF tinggi
- Daya Stabil
- Manfaat langsung ke masyarakat
- Biaya O&M rendah
- Operasi bisa 24 jam
- Daya stabil
- Manfaat langsung masyarakat
- Investasi sedang
- Biaya O&M sedang
- Opoerasi 24 jam
- LCOE sedang
KELEMAHAN
- Daya Tidak Stabil (Butuh Grid)
- Manfaat langsung hanya untuk
PLN
- Hanya operasi siang
- Investasi tinggi
- LCOE sangat tinggi
- Operasi bisa 24 jam
- Biaya penggantian batere tinggi
- CF rendah
- Masih butuh BBM (terbatas)
- Kontrol lebih kompleks
- DG harus disiapkan dari awal
rencana
- CF sedang

19. Tarif Jual Listrik dari Pembangkit EBT
Jenis Pembangkit EBT Tarif jual listrik
Rp/KWh
1 PLTBiomass 1150-1840
2 PLTMH 940-1500
3 PLTA 700-1000
4 PLTP 1000 Sd 1400
5 PLTS 2600 - 2900
6 PLTBayu 1500
Rata-rata tarif dasar listrik 980
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20. Regulasi Pemerintah Tentang Energi Baru Terbarukan
 Peraturan Presiden RI No 5 Tahun 2005: tentang Kebijakan Energi
Nasional . Menjelaskan tentang jenis energi yang termasuk energi
baru dan terbarukan
 Peraturan Menteri ESDM, yang mengatur tentang:
• Proses administrasi pengadaan proyek EBT
• Kelengkapan dokumen proyek
• Harga listrik dari pembangkit EBT
• Ijin Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik
 Permen ESDM untuk pembangkit EBT, untuk skala sd 10 MW:
 Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 4 tahun 2012: tentang harga pembelian tenaga listrik
dari energi terbarukan atau kelebihan tenaga listrik
 Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 17 tahun 2013 tentang Harga pembelian tenaga listrik
dari PLTS
 Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 19 tahun 2013 tentang Harga pembelian tenaga listrik
dari PLTSa
 Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 12 tahun 2014 tentang Harga pembelian tenaga listrik
dari PLTMH
 Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 27 tahun 2014 tentang Harga pembelian tenaga listrik
dari PLTBiomass
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