The document describes the process of neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction. It explains that an action potential arrives at the synaptic terminal and causes vesicles containing acetylcholine to fuse with the neuronal membrane and release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. The acetylcholine then binds to receptors on the motor end plate, increasing sodium permeability and triggering an action potential in the muscle fiber. Acetylcholinesterase then breaks down the acetylcholine.
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ACh synthesis and neurotransmission
1. Acetyl co A +Choline
Cholineacetylase
Ach synthesis
Main store
Mobilization pool
Immediately available pool
ACh->Acetic acid+choline
Depolarisation->EPP->MAP
2. Action potential
Arrival of an action potential
at the synaptic terminal
Axon
Arriving action potential
Synaptic terminal
Sarcolemma
Vesicles
ACh
Synaptic
cleft
Sarcolemma of
motor end plate
AChE molecules
ACh
receptor
site
ACh binding at the
motor and plate
Release of acetylcholine
Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse
with the neuronal membrane and dump
their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Muscle
fiber
The binding of ACh to the receptors
increases the membrane permeability to
sodium ions. Sodium ions then rush
into the cell.
Appearance of an action
potential in the sarcolemma
An action potential spreads across the
surface of the sarcolemma. While this
occurs, AChE removes the ACh.
Action
potential
Na+
Na+
Na+
3.
4.
5. Action potential
Arrival of an action potential
at the synaptic terminal
Axon
Arriving action potential
Synaptic terminal
Sarcolemma
Vesicles
ACh
Synaptic
cleft
Sarcolemma of
motor end plate
AChE molecules
ACh
receptor
site
ACh binding at the
motor and plate
Release of acetylcholine
Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse
with the neuronal membrane and dump
their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Muscle
fiber
The binding of ACh to the receptors
increases the membrane permeability to
sodium ions. Sodium ions then rush
into the cell.
Appearance of an action
potential in the sarcolemma
An action potential spreads across the
surface of the sarcolemma. While this
occurs, AChE removes the ACh.
Action
potential
Na+
Na+
Na+
6. Action potential
Arrival of an action potential
at the synaptic terminal
Axon
Arriving action potential
Synaptic terminal
Sarcolemma
Vesicles
ACh
Synaptic
cleft
Sarcolemma of
motor end plate
AChE molecules
ACh
receptor
site
ACh binding at the
motor and plate
Release of acetylcholine
Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse
with the neuronal membrane and dump
their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Muscle
fiber
The binding of ACh to the receptors
increases the membrane permeability to
sodium ions. Sodium ions then rush
into the cell.
Appearance of an action
potential in the sarcolemma
An action potential spreads across the
surface of the sarcolemma. While this
occurs, AChE removes the ACh.
Action
potential
Na+
Na+
Na+
17. Action potential
Arrival of an action potential
at the synaptic terminal
Axon
Arriving action potential
Synaptic terminal
Sarcolemma
Vesicles
ACh
Synaptic
cleft
Sarcolemma of
motor end plate
AChE molecules
ACh
receptor
site
ACh binding at the
motor and plate
Release of acetylcholine
Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse
with the neuronal membrane and dump
their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Muscle
fiber
The binding of ACh to the receptors
increases the membrane permeability to
sodium ions. Sodium ions then rush
into the cell.
Appearance of an action
potential in the sarcolemma
An action potential spreads across the
surface of the sarcolemma. While this
occurs, AChE removes the ACh.
Action
potential
Na+
Na+
Na+
18. Action potential
Arrival of an action potential
at the synaptic terminal
Axon
Arriving action potential
Synaptic terminal
Sarcolemma
Vesicles
ACh
Synaptic
cleft
Sarcolemma of
motor end plate
AChE molecules
ACh
receptor
site
ACh binding at the
motor and plate
Release of acetylcholine
Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse
with the neuronal membrane and dump
their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Muscle
fiber
The binding of ACh to the receptors
increases the membrane permeability to
sodium ions. Sodium ions then rush
into the cell.
Appearance of an action
potential in the sarcolemma
An action potential spreads across the
surface of the sarcolemma. While this
occurs, AChE removes the ACh.
Action
potential
Na+
Na+
Na+
27. Action potential
Arrival of an action potential
at the synaptic terminal
Axon
Arriving action potential
Synaptic terminal
Sarcolemma
Vesicles
ACh
Synaptic
cleft
Sarcolemma of
motor end plate
AChE molecules
ACh
receptor
site
ACh binding at the
motor and plate
Release of acetylcholine
Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse
with the neuronal membrane and dump
their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Muscle
fiber
The binding of ACh to the receptors
increases the membrane permeability to
sodium ions. Sodium ions then rush
into the cell.
Appearance of an action
potential in the sarcolemma
An action potential spreads across the
surface of the sarcolemma. While this
occurs, AChE removes the ACh.
Action
potential
Na+
Na+
Na+
28. Action potential
Arrival of an action potential
at the synaptic terminal
Axon
Arriving action potential
Synaptic terminal
Sarcolemma
Vesicles
ACh
Synaptic
cleft
Sarcolemma of
motor end plate
AChE molecules
ACh
receptor
site
ACh binding at the
motor and plate
Release of acetylcholine
Vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse
with the neuronal membrane and dump
their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Muscle
fiber
The binding of ACh to the receptors
increases the membrane permeability to
sodium ions. Sodium ions then rush
into the cell.
Appearance of an action
potential in the sarcolemma
An action potential spreads across the
surface of the sarcolemma. While this
occurs, AChE removes the ACh.
Action
potential
Na+
Na+
Na+