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Anemia And Its Classification
- 1. ANEMIA By Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar Chinki pora sopore kashmir Associate professor of Medicine
- 2. Classification of Anemia I. Etiologic Classification 1. Impaired RBC production 2. Excessive destruction 3. Blood loss II. Morphologic Classification 1. Macrocytic anemia 2. Microcytic hypochromic anemia 3. Normochromic normocytic anemia
- 3. Impaired RBC Production 1. Abnormal bone marrow 1.1 Aplastic anemia 1.2 Myelophthisis : Myelofibrosis, Leukemia, Cancer metastasis 2. Essential factors deficiency 2.1 Deficiency anemia : Fe, Vit. B12, Folic acid, etc 2.2 Anemia in renal disease : Erythropoietin 3. Stimulation factor deficiency 3.1 Anemia in chronic disease 3.2 Anemia in hypopituitarism 3.3 Anemia in hypothyroidism
- 4. Excessive Destruction of RBC (cont.) Hemolytic anemia 1. Intracorpuscular defect 1.1 Membrane : Hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary ovalocytosis, etc. 1.2 Enzyme : G-6PD deficiency, PK def., etc. 1.3 Hemoglobin : Thalassemia, Hemoglobino- pathies
- 5. Excessive Destruction of RBC 2. Extracorpuscular defect 2.1 Mechanical : March hemolytic anemia MAHA (Microangiopathic HA) 2.2 Chemical/Physical 2.3 Infection : Clostridium tetani 2.4 Antibodies : HTR, SLE 2.5 Hypersplenism
- 6. Blood Loss 1. Acute blood loss : Accident, GI bleeding 2. Chronic blood loss : Hypermenorrhea Parasitic infestation
- 7. Macrocytic Anemia MCV > 94 MCHC > 31 1. Megaloblastic dyspoiesis 1.1 Vit. B12 deficiency : Pernicious anemia 1.2 Folic acid deficiency : Nutritional megaloblas- tic anemia, Sprue, Other malabsorption 1.3 Inborn errors of metabolism : Orotic aciduria, etc. 1.4 Abnormal DNA synthesis : Chemotherapy, Anticonvulsant, Oral contraceptives
- 8. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia MCV < 80 MCHC < 31 1. Fe deficiency anemia : Chronic blood loss, Inadequate diet, Malabsorption, Increased demand, etc. 2. Abnormal globin synthesis : Thalassemia with or without Hemoglobinopathies 3. Abnormal porphyrin and heme synthesis : Pyridoxine responsive anemia, etc. 4. Other abnormal Fe metabolism :
- 9. Normocytic Normochromic Anemia MCV 82 - 92 MCHC > 30 1. Blood loss 2. Increased plasma volume : Pregnancy, Overhydration 3. Hemolytic anemia : depend on each cause 4. Hypoplastic marrow : Aplastic anemia, RBC aplasia 5. Infiltrate BM : Leukemia, Multiple myeloma, Myelofibrosis, etc. 6. Abnormal endocrine : Hypothyroidism, Adrenal insufficiency, etc. 7. Kidney disease / Liver disease / Cirrhosis
- 25. Coombs Test Antiglobulin Test RBC Red cell with bound antibody to membrane antigen + Anti-immunoglobulin
- 26. Coombs Test Antiglobulin Test RBC RBC Agglutination