The document discusses sentence-based sentiment analysis for expressive text-to-speech systems. It describes how sentiment analysis can identify the sentiment or emotion expressed in a text and help text-to-speech systems synthesize speech with appropriate emotional cues. The key steps in sentiment analysis involve preprocessing text, extracting features, classifying sentiment at the document, sentence or word level. Expressive text-to-speech systems aim to deliver expressive cues when synthesizing speech based on the analyzed sentiment. The document also outlines the components and process of a typical text-to-speech system.
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Sentiment Analysis for Expressive TTS
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PRESENTED BY :
DEVIKA M D
ROLL NO. : 6
MTECH CSE(14-16)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Vidya Academy of Science and Technology
Thalakkottukara, Thrissur – 680 501
Sentence-Based Sentiment Analysis
for Expressive Text-to-Speech
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Sentiment Analysis for TTS system
Expressive TTS system
Text to Speech System
Relevance
Future scope
Conclusion
References
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3. INTRODUCTION
Natural language processing
Sentiment Analysis for TTS system
Text to Speech system
Expressive TTS system
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4. Sentiment Analysis For TTS Purposes
WHAT IS SENTIMENT/OPINION?
Sentiment
Feelings
Attitudes
Emotions
Opinions
An opinion is a personal belief or judgment that is not
founded on proof or certainty .
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5. WHAT IS SENTIMENT ANALYSIS?
Computational study of opinions, sentiments,
Evaluations, attitudes, appraisal, affects, views,
emotions, subjectivity, etc., expressed in text.
Identify the orientation of opinion in a piece of
text
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6. Two main types of textual information.
- Facts and Opinions
Note: Factual statements can imply opinions too.
Mainly because of the Web
Huge volumes of opinionated text.
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Contd...
7. Two types of opinion
Direct sentiment expressions on some target objects,
E.g., products, events, topics, persons. E.g., “the
picture quality of this camera is great.”
Comparative Opinions: Comparisons expressing
similarities or differences of more than one object.
Usually stating an ordering or preference.
E.g. “car x is cheaper than car y.”
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Contd...
8. 24-09-2014 CSE DEPARTMENT VAST 8
Text
classifier
Text processing
Feature
extraction
Positive info Neutral info Negative info
Contd...
10. Tokenization
involves splitting the text by spaces, forming a list of
individual words per text
called a bag of words
Removing stop words
Remove stopwords from bag of words
E.g. : also, etc. , able ,or ,and
Symbol analysis
E.g. :- smileys can indicate emotion
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Contd...
12. A unigram is simply an N-gram of size one, or a single
word.
Bigrams and trigrams from our tweets as features to
train our classier.
Eg: don’t like ,not happy
Neutral tweets – tweets that doesn’t have any
particular sentiment.
Lexicon - which is a list of words that are predefined
with a sentiment, either positive or negative
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Contd...
14. How Sentiment Analysis?
Emolib- extract the affect from text according to the
feelings written in text.
System is designed with a pipeline.
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Text
Emolib
pipeline
Tag
Eg; I hate
you
Negative
sentence
16. Lexical analyser
covert plain text to tokens.
filter out “stop words”.
produced with javcc2.
Sentence splitter
sentence to binary tree.
examine uppercase letters, exclamation, question
marks etc.
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Contd...
17. POS Tagger
determine nouns, verb and adjectives.
implemented using Standord log linear.
Word Sense Disambiguator
determines correct sense of a word according to the
context.
implemented using word net ontology.
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Contd...
18. Stemmer
group those word share a common meaning.
use Porter stemming algorithm.
Keyword Spotter
emotional dimensions to emotional word
use ANEW corpus.
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Contd...
19. Average Calculator
calculate average emotional dimensions.
AM of dimension at sentence level.
Classifier
Labels the text with appropriate emotion.
predicts appropriate sentiment label to the text.
Formatter
present result in usable form(XML )
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Contd...
22. Sentiment Analysis Tools
Emoticons.
LIWC -Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count.
SentiStrength.
SentiWordNet.
SASA -SailAil Sentiment Analyzer .
Happiness Index.
PANAS-t.
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23. WHY SENTIMENT ANALYSIS?
Movie: is the review positive or negative?
Products : what do people think about a new phone?
Survey : how is consumers responding to a product ?
Politics : what do people think of a political issue?
Prediction : predict election outcomes /market trends
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24. Expressive TTS system
• Deliver expressive cues when synthesizing.
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25. Text To Speech System
Text To Speech translation
Automatic production of speech.
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26. NLP: Capable of producing a phonetic transcription of the
first read, together with desired intonation and rhythm.
DSP: Transforms the symbolic information it receives in
to speech.
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Contd...
28. The Text analysis
Pre-processing module
input sentences into lists of words.
identifies numbers, abbreviations, acronyms.
Morphological analysis module
Identifies morphens.
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Contd...
29. Contextual analysis module
considers words in their context.
Syntactic-prosodic parse
examines the remaining search space and finds the
text structure.
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Contd...
30. Automatic phonetization
The Letter-To-Sound (LTS) module- automatic
determination of the phonetic transcription of the
incoming text.
Dictionary based system
Rule based system transfer
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Contd...
31. Prosody generation
properties of the speech signal which are related to
audible changes in pitch, loudness.
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Contd...
32. The DSP component
Rule-based synthesizers
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34. Relevance
Sentiment analysis is the process of identifying
people’s attitudes and emotional states from language.
Determine review on upcoming movie, correlating
statements about a political party with people’s
likeliness to vote for that party, restaurant reviews
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35. Future work
Need to increase the size data.
Need to analyse shortforms and alternative sentences.
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36. CONCLUSION
Sentiment analysis can be successfully used to convert
large amount of unstructured data in to useful
information.
Sentiment analysis aims to determine the attitude of a
speaker or a writer .
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37. REFERENCE
[1] N. Campbell, “Conversational speech synthesis and the need for some laughter,” IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech,
Lang. Process., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1171–1178, Jul. 2006.
[2] R. Calix, S. Mallepudi, B. Chen, and G. Knapp, “Emotion recognition in text for 3-D facial expression
rendering,” IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 544–551, Oct. 2010.
[3] T. Wilson and G. Hofer, “Using linguistic and vocal expressiveness in social role recognition,” , pp. 419–
422, 2011.
[4] F. Alías, X. Sevillano, J. C. Socoró, and X. Gonzalvo, “Towards high-quality next-generation text-to-speech
synthesis: A multidomain approach by automatic domain classification,” IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang.
Process., vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1340–1354, Sep. 2008.
[5]J. Bellegarda, “A data-driven affective analysis framework toward naturally expressive speech synthesis,”
IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang. Process., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1113–1122, Jul. 2011.
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38. [6] J. Pitrelli, R. Bakis, E. Eide, R. Fernandez,W. Hamza, and M. Picheny, “The IBM expressive
text-to-speech synthesis system for American English,” IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang.
Process., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1099–1108, Jul. 2006.
[7] B. Pang and L. Lee, “opinion mining and sentiment analysis,” Found at. Trends in Inf.
Retrieval, vol. 2, no. 1–2, pp. 1–135, 2008.
[8] V. Francisco, R. Hervás, F. Peinado, and P. Gervs, “EmoTales: Creating a corpus of folk tales
with emotional annotations,” Lang. Res. Eval., vol. 45, pp. 1–41, Feb. 2011.
[9] A. R. F. Rebordao, M. A. M. Shaikh, K. Hirose, and N. Minematsu, “How to improve TTS
systems for emotional expressivity,” in Proc. Inter speech’09, Sep. 2009, pp. 524–527.
[10] C. O. Alm, D. Roth, and R. Sproat, “Emotions from text: Machine learning for text-based
emotion prediction,” in Proc. HLT’05, 2005, pp. 579–586.
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