2. Sour in taste
Produce H+ (hydrogen ions)
Turns blue litmus red
Acids + metals salt + hydrogen gas
Conduct electricity
are corrosive (acid rain)
Acid + base salt + water (neutralization)
pH less than 7
4. Examples of acids:
• Vinegar
• Lemon Juice
• Soft Drink
• Battery Acid
• Stomach Acid
• Apple Juice
• Black Tea
5. • Strong Acids – any acid that dissociates completely in aqueous solution.
• Weak Acids – any acid that dissociates only partially in aqueous solution.
Strong Acids Weak Acids
1. chloric acid, HClO3 1. acetic acid, Ch3COOH
2. hydorbromic acid, HBr 2. boric acid, H3BO3
3. hydorchloric acid, HCl 3. hydorfluoric acid, HF
4. sulfuric acid, H2SO4 4. phosphoric acid, H3PO4
5. nitric acid, HNO3 5. sufurous acid, H2So3
6. Bitter to taste
Soapy to touch
Water soluble bases are called alkalies
All alkalies are bases but all bases are not
alkalies
Turns red litmus blue, phenolphthalein pink
and methyl orange yellow
Base + acid salt + water
pH greater than 7
10. • These are items that are neither acids or
bases.
• Neutral items will turn blue and red litmus
paper green.
• The main example of a neutral item is:
Pure Water
11. Indicator Acid Neutral Base
color color color
Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink
Bromthymol Yellow Green Blue
blue
Litmus Red ----- Blue
12. • Red litmus paper
• Blue litmus paper
• pH
• Red Cabbage Juice
13. •Robert Boyle discovered litmus paper
•certain plant extracts, such as litmus, can be
used to distinguish acids from bases.
• blue and red litmus paper turn red when
dipped in an acid
• red and blue litmus paper turn blue when
exposed to a base
14. the negative logarithm of the
hydronium ion concentration of
an aqueous solution; used to
express acidity.
• pH is the measure of the acidity or
basicity of a solution.
• The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14
• 1 through 6 being acidic
• 7 is considered neutral
• 8 through 14 being basic
15. • redcabbage can be used as an acid/base
indicator
• after boiling the red cabbage, pour a small
amount of the juice into a small sample of a
substance your checking
• the juice will turn blue if the substance is a
base
• the juice will turn red if the substance is an
acid
16. • A salt is a neutral substance produced from the
reaction of an acid and a base.
• Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the
positive ion of a base.
• One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction
• Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4
17. • A neutralization reaction is the reaction of
an acid with a base to produce salt and
water.
• Example
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
18. • Digestion-process by which foods are broken down
into simpler substances.
• Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is
torn apart (mouth)
• Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large
molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.
(stomach and small intestines)
19. • Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase,
an enzyme which begins to break
carbohydrates into sugars.
• Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken
down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin.
• Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion
ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream
toward cells that use them
20. • ACID - A class of compounds whose water solutions taste
sour, turn blue litmus to red, and react with bases to form salts.
• BASE - A class of compounds that taste bitter, feel slippery in
water solution, turn red litmus to blue, and react with acids to
form salts.
• NEUTRAL - These are items that are neither acids or bases.
There are 4 main ways to determine if a substance is and acid
or a base. They are: Red litmus paper, Blue litmus paper, pH,
and Red Cabbage Juice.
