Writing essays.ppt
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Presentation prepared for teachers to learn how to teach writing paragraphs and essays.
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Writing essays.ppt
- 1. Writing Essays David Estrella I., MBA
- 2. Contents 1. Background info 2. Parts of the Pragraph 3. The mechanics of writing 4. What is an essay? 5. Purpose and types of essays 6. Parts of the essay. 7. The thesis statement. 8. The process 9. Assesing the essay? 10. Using APA style.
- 3. What is a predicate? 3 What is a subject? 2 What is a sentence? 1 Background info In simple terms, a sentence is a set of words that contain a subject and a predicate. It is what the sentence is about, the topic of the sentence It is what is said about the subject
- 4. Which is the most important sentence In the paragraph?5 What is a paragraph? 4 Background info A paragraph is a collection of connected sentences. Topic sentence
- 5. What is the clincher?. 7 What are the types of sentences that follow the topic sentence?6 Background info Supporting ideas, Details, Clincher The clincher is the last sentence of the paragraph.
- 6. Whenever we read a sentence and like it, we unconsciously store it away in our model- chamber; and it goes with the myriad of its fellows, to the building, brick by brick, of the eventual edifice which we call our style. Mark Twain
- 7. Parts of the paragraph
- 8. The topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph A.K.A. focus sentence is usually the first sentence Parts of the paragraph helps organize the paragraph
- 9. Don’t write too many details Say exactly what you want to say Don’t be too broad Qualities for good topic sentence Brevity Clarity Precision Parts of the paragraph
- 10. What makes a bad topic sentence Don’t use facts as topic sentences Think about causes not only effects Don’t write “I am going to tell you…” Parts of the paragraph
- 11. 1. Topic sentences – good vs bad – The following topic sentence is bad. Confer with your partner. Why is this a bad topic sentence? George Lucas is a filmmaker. Parts of the paragraph
- 12. George Lucas is a filmmaker. • It tells the reader very little about what you are going to say. • You are not making any real point. Work in pairs write a better topic sentence. George Lucas is an influential filmmaker who has changed cinema in a few important ways. Parts of the paragraph
- 13. • Lets make groups. • Each of you has a piece of a movie poster. • You need to find the other two pieces to form a complete image. • When you form a complete image you can sit with the other members of your group.
- 14. Parts of the paragraph
- 15. Parts of the paragraph
- 16. Let’s do a quick exercise: You now have 9 strips of paper. In your groups put the strips in the correct order so that they make a coherent paragraph.
- 17. Imitation is a perfectly honorable way to get started as a writer—and impossible to avoid, really: some sort of imitation marks each new stage of a writer’s development. Stephen King
- 18. Pronouns Agree in number Are a specific reference to a noun Agree in person The mechanics of writing
- 19. a. If the student passes this course, they will graduate. b. When a person comes to class, you should have his homework ready. c. Kim spends all his time reading and playing soccer, but it isn’t good for him. The mechanics of writing
- 20. compound, singular subject Noun Verb Agreement compound, singular subject connected by and, verb is plural connected by or nor, verb is singular plural and singular subject joined by or or nor, verb agrees closest subject The mechanics of writing
- 21. Placed together into one sentence without proper punctuation Run-on Sentences Made of two or more independent clauses or complete sentences plural and singular subject joined by or or nor, verb agrees closest subject The mechanics of writing
- 22. 2. replace it with a semicolon incorrect use comma to Comma splice It creates a run-on sentence. Correct it:. 1. replace it with a period. The mechanics of writing connect two complete sentences. 3. use a conjunction
- 23. Example: Comma splice: Our school received an award, we raised the most money for the local charity. Corrected sentence: Our school received an award. We raised the most money for the local charity. or Our school received an award; we raised the most money for the local charity. or Our school received an award because we raised the most money for the local charity. The mechanics of writing
- 24. 2. that have commas Use semicolons to separate Semi colon 1. joined without a conjunction. 3. Connected with adverb of relationship The mechanics of writing independent clauses
- 25. Examples: 1. Four people worked on the project; only one received credit for it. 2. The strays were malnourished, dirty, and ill; but Liz had a weakness for kittens, so she adopted them all. 3. Victoria was absent frequently; therefore, she received a low grade. The mechanics of writing
- 26. It is time for a little game to relax and review some of the concepts we have gone through so far.
- 27. “There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.” Ernest Hemingway
- 28. A piece of writing that is long enough to cover many topics and present different viewpoints. 1 When writing an essay, it is never acceptable to write in the first person (I and me.) 2 The introduction presents the topic and your opinion. Here you write the thesis statement. 3 In the conclusion you often re-state the thesis and summarize the main points of the essay.. 4 What is an essay?
- 29. essay Explain or discuss Identify and solve problem Compare and contrast Persuade a reader Respond to a reading Purpose and types of essays
- 30. ConclusionIntroduction Approximately 10% he total length. Each paragraph should have one main point Sums up each paragraph of the essay. Parts of the essay Body
- 31. Introduce the topic Your Logo Parts of the essay: Introduction
- 32. Narrow the topic Your Logo Parts of the essay: Introduction
- 33. State the writer’s position Your Logo Parts of the essay: Introduction
- 34. Introduce thesis statement Your Logo Parts of the essay: Introduction
- 35. Parts of the essay: Body Divide topics into subtopics Each one will be a paragraph on its own. Write topicSentences to agree thesis statement Use Transitions between paragraphs 1
- 36. Re-state the thesis statement Re-state the topic sentences Re-state your opinion Conclusion Parts of the essay: Conclusion
- 37. Your logo Choose a topic to write about The process
- 38. Your logo Brainstornm ideas onto paper. The process
- 39. Your logo Organize notes from the previous brainstorm The process
- 40. Your logo Write the first draft of the essay. The process
- 43. Your logo Hand in the final paper. The process
- 44. Know extent of learning Demonstrate learning Students know the goals Assessing essays Provide Feedback
- 45. Assessing essays Is the thesis statement strong enough?
- 46. Assessing essays Do topic sentences support the thesis statement?
- 48. Assessing essays Is the content of each paragraph consistent with the topic sentence?
- 49. Writers learn to write by paying a certain sort of attention to the works of their great and less great predecessors in the medium of written language, as well as by merely reading them. John Barth, writer
- 50. Using A.P.A. style Work with a partner. Decide if the following statements are true or false. 1. Spacing between lines should be double spaced. 2. Margenes a 2,5 cm en todos los lados. 3. Encabezado con título
- 51. APA recommend s using Times New Roman pt 12. ELEMENT 1 Using A.P.A. style
- 52. Using A.P.A. style Spacing should be set at double space.
- 53. Use standard A4 white paper 21cm x 25cm Using A.P.A. style
- 54. Using A.P.A. style Margins should be set at 2,5cm all sides
- 55. Using A.P.A. style Include a header flush left with the title of the essay in each page.
- 56. A.P.A. Citations For in-text citations – author’s last name and year of publication. Lon quotes – Separate line indented, follow short quotes Short quotes – Author’s last name + year publication. End of quote page number preceeded by p.
- 57. Reference lists Authors' names are inverted (last name first). Use last name and first names’ initials
- 58. Reference lists Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
- 59. Reference lists Multiple articles by the same author, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
- 60. Multiple articles by the same author, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent. Reference lists
- 61. Reference lists Multiple articles by the same author, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
- 62. Write the title of the journal in full. Reference lists
- 63. Maintain the punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title. Reference lists
- 64. When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle Reference lists
- 65. There are no spaces used with brackets in APA. Include year, month, and day in references. Reference lists
- 66. Online articles follow same guidelines for printed articles. Include all information the online host makes available. Reference lists
- 67. APA resources at Online Writing Lab from the Purdue University. Reference lists
- 68. Wrap-up To finish up take out your smart phones and let’s do a quick game.
- 69. References • Beattie, K., & James, R. (2000, January 1). Assessing Essays. Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.cshe.unimelb.edu.au/resources_teach/assessment/docs/ Assessing_essays.pdf • Blass, L., & Gordon, D. (2008). Writers at Work: The Essay. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. • Dye, D. (2012). The Basics. In How to Write a Paragraph. Model Citizen Publications. • Killgallon, D., & Killgallon, J. (2012). Paragraphs for High School: A Sentence-Composing Approach. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Greenwood Publishing Group. • Starkey, L. (2004). Mechanics. In How to Write Great Essays. New York, New York: Learning Express, LLC. • A guide to paragraph writing. (2013, January 1). Retrieved May 1, 2015, from http://www.uwc.ac.za/Students/WrC/Documents/A guide to paragraph writing.pdf
Editor's Notes
- JUST A NICE LITTLE THOUGHT ABOUT HOW READING AND WRITING ARE LINKED TOGETHER.
- Brevity: Don’t write too many details. That’s what the rest of the paragraph is for. Clarity: Say exactly what you want to say Precision: Don’t be too broad when introducing the topic that you’re going to discuss.
- Don’t use facts as topic sentences. Don’t just think about the effect of something, but about it’s cause. Don’t write “I am going to tell you…” or I am going to speak about…”
- MAKE GROUPS OF THREE WITH IMAGES CUT UP. EXPLAIN THEY WILL HAVE TO FIND THE OTHER TWO PIECES OF THE IMAGE TO FORM THEIR GROUPS. If time permits do two or three more: I am going to discuss the Battle of Pichincha. Educaton is important. Barack Obama was born on August 14, 1961.
- Is imitation the same as plagiarism?
- Pronouns refer back to or take the place of nouns. They should:
- Work in pairs. Decide if the sentence is correct or incorrect and why? Subject is singular but the pronoun is plural The correct pronoun should be he or she What isn’t good for him? Reading, playing soccer, or both?
- Point out at the comma splice as well as to the different forms to correct it. Period to form to independent sentences A semicolon to repplace the comma. Use a conjunction like «and, because or so»
- There is no conjunction so we joined the two independent clauses with a semicolon. We separate the independent clauses that contain commas, even if the clauses are joined by a conjunction. To separate items in a series that contain commas.
- Explain or discuss a topic and give a personal opinion. -> explanatory essay. Identify a problem, its causes, and propose a spolution. -> problem solving essay. Compare and contrast two or more things -> compare and contrast essay. Persuade the reader to hold an opinion or take certain action. -> persuasive essay. Respond to a reading or lecture. -> responding to a reading essay. For each type of essay there is a specific type of organization. For example: in compare/contrast, your paragraphs either only compare or contrast information on two or more things or you can dedicate iqua number of paragraphs in the same paper to compare and contrast. In a persuasive essay you need to use arguments and counterarguments to support your thesis.
- Introduction: Approximately 10% of the total length. May be one paragraph or several depending on essay length It goes from general to specific. Introduces the topic. Provides background information. Limits the scope of discussion. Introduces the thesis statement. About 150 words. 2. Body: The minimum essay is a 5 paragraph essay but there are longer ones. Each paragraph should discuss one single thing. Everything in the paragraph revolves around the topic sentence. About 900 words. 3. Conclusion: Sums up the argument/information with reference to the essay question. Perhaps mentions wider implications or future directions. Re-estate the topic sentence of each paragraph in different words. About 300 words.
- The first sentence of the essay should introduce the general topic of the essay. This sentence should be very general. It doesn’t really matter what is written as lng as it reflects the topic.
- The second sentence narrows the topic. It goes from general to specific. The writer starts moving to the signaling the thesis statement.
- 1. The writer can use on or two sentences to state his/her position on the topic.
- The thesis statement is introduced here. It is usually the last sentence of the introduction but not necessarily.
- To write the conclusion of the essay: 1. Re-state the thesis statement. Use the same idea with different words. 2. Re-state the topic senetence of each paragraph. Use the same idea with different words. 3. Re-state your opinon and give a recommendation or solution.
- Choose a topic to write or use the topic chosen by the teacher.
- There are several things to be considered when assessing essays: the primary goals in assessing written work are to gauge the extent of student learning and to provide feedback to students – grading is a secondary goal. essay topics and written assignments are well-crafted when they allow students suitable scope to demonstrate their learning There are goals and objectives we need to set up for the writing piece and students should be aware of them. Also considere the learning objectives as established by CELEX.
- APA style requires authors to use the past tense or present perfect tense when using signal phrases to describe earlier research, for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998)has found... If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses. According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). Place direct quotations that are 40 words, or longer, in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.