2. Major Questions After the Civil War
• How should the South be rebuilt?
• How should the states that seceded be brought back into
the Union?
• Should people who fought against the United States be
recognized as citizens? Should they be punished?
• What challenges faced freedmen and women?
• What branch of government should control the process
of Reconstruction?
3. Phases of Reconstruction
1865-1877
1. Wartime/10% (Lincoln)
2. Presidential (Johnson)
3. Congressional/Radical/Military Reconstruction
(Thaddeus Stevens and Rad. Republicans)
4.
5. With malice toward none, with charity for
all, with firmness in the right as God
gives us to see the right, let us strive on to
finish the work we are in, to bind up the
nation's wounds, to care for him who
shall have borne the battle and for his
widow and his orphan, to do all which
may achieve and cherish a just and
lasting peace . . .
- Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865
6. 10% Plan weak
“Lincoln Governments”
formed in LA, TN, AR
Depended on Union army
Wade-Davis Bill vetoed by
Lincoln
7. 13th Amendment
Ratified December 1865
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or
any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.
8. Republicans in the South
Freedmen’s Bureau:
Former N abolitionists
Carpetbaggers: northern
missionaries and profiteers
Scalawags: Southern whites
who joined Republican Party
13. President Andrew Johnson
Jacksonian Democrat
Anti-Aristocrat White
Supremacist
Only punished Confederate
officers and rich upper
class
Allowed planter elite to
retain political power and
establish black codes
14. Black Codes
Purpose to restore pre-
emancipation race relations and
guarantee labor
Forced many blacks to become
sharecroppers
17. Congress Breaks with the President
Congress bars Southern
Congressional delegates
Joint Committee on
Reconstruction created
Johnson vetoed 1866 Civil
Rights Act; Congress
overrode
18.
19. 14th Amendment
Ratified in July, 1868.
* defined natural citizenship
* equal rights
* due process of the law
African American citizens can vote
20. State White Citizens Freedmen
SC 291,000 411,000
MS 353,000 436,000
LA 357,000 350,000
GA 591,000 465,000
AL 596,000 437,000
VA 719,000 533,000
NC 631,000 331,000
21.
22. The 1866 Midterm Election
Johnson alienated voters
Republicans won 3-1 majority in Congress!
23. Radical Plan for Readmission
Civil authorities in South subject to military
supervision
New state constitutions required to ratify 13th and
14th Amendments and include black suffrage
31. The Failure of Federal Enforcement
Enforcement Acts of 1870 & 1871
CSA = “The
Lost Cause”
Redeemers =
(prewar
Democrats)
restore white
home rule
32. 15th Amendment
Ratified in 1870.
The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by
any state on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude.
Women furious!
33. Northern Support Wanes
1. Republican Scalawags
not committed to
protecting African-
Americans
2. Corruption
3. Labor/management
conflicts
4. Indian Wars in the West
5. Panic of 1873
