Causes of the American Civil War.pdf
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The document summarizes the key events and divisions between the North and South that led to the American Civil War. It traces the origins of the conflict back to compromises over slavery made during the drafting of the Constitution and the development of opposing economic and political interests between the regions. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, Lincoln-Douglas debates, and John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry. This ultimately resulted in Southern secession after Lincoln's election in 1860 and the outbreak of war following the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in 1861.
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Causes of the American Civil War.pdf
- 1. Towards Disunion: Causes of the American Civil War “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.” – Abraham Lincoln, 1858
- 2. Early Divisions Between North and South Event North South Drafting of the US Constitution • Agreed to allow the Transatlantic slave trade until 1808 • 3/5 Compromise • Fugitive Slave Act Development of Political Parties • Hamiltonian • Federalists/Whigs • Loose Construction • Jeffersonian • Democratic-Republican/Democratic • Strict Construction • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Economic Development • Manufacturing • Textile mills and factories • Immigrants • Agriculture • Cotton gin • Slaves Abolition and Slavery • Supported abolition movement • Home of the Liberator and North Star • Opposed abolition • Defended slavery Tariff of Abominations • Benefitted North • led to conflict between Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun • Force Act • threatened secession • lost the South Carolina Nullification Crisis Wilmot Proviso • Supported House proposal to ban slavery in territory taken from Mexico • Blocked passage in the Senate
- 6. The Compromise of 1850 Issue South North Compromise California CA slave CA free CA free TX/NM Border Wanted TX to get the land for slavery Wanted NM to get the land b/c slavery status undetermined NM gets land TX gets $10 million Slavery in DC Keep slavery End slavery Keep slavery, Bans slave trade Fugitive Slave Law Want strict fugitive slave law No fugitive slave law Strict fugitive slave law Slavery in NM & UT Slavery in both Ban in both Popular sovereignty Major Figures Calhoun, Taylor Webster, Fillmore Clay, Douglass
- 8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in first year. 2 million in a decade!
- 9. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) “So this is the lady who started the Civil War.” - Lincoln
- 10. 1852 Presidential Election Franklin Pierce Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
- 12. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854: decide slavery by pop sov. Unravels MO Comp and leads to bloodshed in KS
- 18. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
- 19. 1856 Presidential Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig
- 21. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 • Chief Justice Roger B. Taney • Blacks (slave or free) aren’t US citizens, not protected by US Const, can’t sue • Congress can’t prohibit slavery in fed. territory (undoes MO Comp and KS-NB). • Slaves, as private property, can’t be taken away from their owners without due process. • Strengthened opposition to slavery, split Dems on sectional lines.
- 24. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859
- 26. Republican Party Platform in 1860 • Free-soilers: Non-extension of slavery • N: Protective tariff • NW: Government aid to build Pacific RR • W: Internal improvements at federal expense • Farmers: free homesteads
- 30. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
- 33. Lincoln’s reaction to secession “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to “preserve, protect, and defend it.” - Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861
- 34. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
- 35. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union.” - Lincoln, August 22, 1862
- 36. The Basic Causes of Southern Secession 1. Slavery 2. State’s Rights vs. Federal Gov. 3. Economic Differences 4. Cultural Differences Lincoln’s Reason for Fighting the War: 1861-1862: PRESERVE UNION 1863-1865: PRESERVE UNION + END SLAVERY